Authentic Google Certification Exam Associate-Cloud-Engineer Questions Answers

In general, Google recommends that each instance that needs to call a Google API should run as a service account with the minimum permissions necessary for that instance to do its job. In practice, this means you should configure service accounts for your instances with the following process: Create a new service account rather than using the Compute Engine default service account. Grant IAM roles to that service account for only the resources that it needs. Configure the instance to run as that service account. Grant the instance the https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform scope to allow full access to all Google Cloud APIs, so that the IAM permissions of the instance are completely determined by the IAM roles of the service account. Avoid granting more access than necessary and regularly check your service account permissions to make sure they are up-to-date.https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/access/create-enable-service-accounts-for-instances#best_practices

The reason is that when you do health check, you want the VM to be working. Do the first check after initial setup time of 3 mins = 180 s < 200 s is reasonable.

The reason why our autoscaling is adding more instances than needed is that it checks 30 seconds after launching the instance and at this point, the instance isnt up and isnt ready to serve traffic. So our autoscaling policy starts another instance  again checks this after 30 seconds and the cycle repeats until it gets to the maximum instances or the instances launched earlier are healthy and start processing traffic  which happens after 180 seconds (3 minutes). This can be easily rectified by adjusting the initial delay to be higher than the time it takes for the instance to become available for processing traffic.So setting this to 200 ensures that it waits until the instance is up (around 180-second mark) and then starts forwarding traffic to this instance. Even after a cool out period, if the CPU utilization is still high, the autoscaler can again scale up but this scale-up is genuine and is based on the actual load.

Initial Delay Seconds  This setting delays autohealing from potentially prematurely recreating the instance if the instance is in the process of starting up. The initial delay timer starts when the currentAction of the instance is VERIFYING.

Ref: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instance-groups/autohealing-instances-in-migs

as gcloud config configurations list can help check for the existing configurations and activate can help switch to the configuration.

gcloud config configurations list  lists existing named configurations

gcloud config configurations activate  activates an existing named configuration

Obtains access credentials for your user account via a web-based authorization flow. When this command completes successfully, it sets the active account in the current configuration to the account specified. If no configuration exists, it creates a configuration named default.