CC Exam Dumps - ISC certification Questions and Answers

Privacy focuses on individual rights over personal information, distinct from confidentiality which focuses on access control.

Spoofing involves falsifying identity information such as IP or MAC addresses to bypass security controls.

A Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system is designed tocollect, correlate, analyze, and alert on security eventsgenerated across an organization’s IT environment. SIEM platforms aggregate logs from diverse sources such as servers, firewalls, endpoints, applications, and cloud services, providing centralized visibility into security activity.

The core value of a SIEM lies inevent correlation and contextual analysis. By correlating events across systems and over time, a SIEM can detect suspicious patterns that individual logs alone would not reveal—such as lateral movement, privilege escalation, or coordinated attacks. SIEMs also support real-time alerting, dashboards, querying, and incident investigation, enabling security teams to respond faster and more effectively.

SIEM systems donotencrypt files (that’s cryptography), block websites directly (that’s firewalls or secure web gateways), or manage passwords (that’s IAM). Instead, they serve as thecentral nervous system of a Security Operations Center (SOC), supporting monitoring, detection, compliance reporting, and incident response workflows as recommended by NIST and other security frameworks.

Risk Avoidanceeliminates risk by discontinuing activities that expose the organization to unacceptable threats.

A switch operates at Layer 2 and forwards traffic only to the destination port based on MAC address tables, unlike hubs which broadcast traffic.

Cryptography provides confidentiality by encrypting data so only authorized parties can read it. Hashing ensures integrity, and encoding is reversible and not secure.

A Red Book is ahard-copy version of critical business continuity and emergency procedures. It is essential when disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, or cyberattacks disable power, networks, or electronic backups. In such scenarios, electronic access may be impossible, making physical documentation vital.

A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a logical segmentation of network devices that allows systems to appear as though they are on the same local network, regardless of their physical location. VLANs operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) and use tagging (such as IEEE 802.1Q) to separate broadcast domains logically.

VLANs improve security, performance, and manageability by isolating traffic between different groups of systems. Devices in the same VLAN can communicate as if they were on the same LAN, even if they are physically distributed across different switches or buildings.

LAN refers to a physical local network, VPN provides encrypted tunnels across networks, and WLAN refers to wireless LANs. Only VLANs provide logical grouping independent of geography.

The primary goal of Identity and Access Management (IAM) is to ensuresecure and controlled accessto organizational resources. IAM systems manage user identities, authenticate users, and authorize access based on roles, policies, and least privilege principles.

IAM does not guarantee complete protection against all threats, as no system can provide 100% security. It also does not eliminate authentication or focus on network performance monitoring. Instead, IAM ensures that theright usershave theright accessto theright resourcesat theright time.

Core IAM capabilities include identity provisioning, authentication, authorization, access reviews, and auditing. IAM is foundational to zero trust architectures and is emphasized by NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, and CIS as a critical security control for preventing unauthorized access and reducing insider threat risk.

Common IRT models includededicated,leveraged, andhybridteams. In these models, response capabilities exist within the organization. While organizations mayusethird-party assistance, a fullyoutsourcedIRT is generally not considered a core internal IRT model because incident response requires immediate organizational authority, access, and accountability.