A hypervisor is the software or hardware platform that enables virtualization. It allows multiple operating systems (guest OSes) to run on a single physical machine.

“A hypervisor manages virtual machines on a single physical system. It enables the creation and management of guest OS environments.” — CompTIA ITF+

Correct answer: D

A flat file is a simple database format often stored as a plain text or CSV file. It is ideal for small data sets where speed and simplicity are required.

“Flat files are simple and fast for storing small amounts of data and are easy to process without requiring a full database management system.” — CompTIA ITF+ Data Concepts

Correct answer: A

A simple static web page is best created using a markup language, such as HTML. Markup languages describe the structure and formatting of content on a web page.

“Markup languages like HTML are used to design and structure static web content. They do not contain logic or interactivity like scripting languages.” — CompTIA ITF+ Study Guide

Correct answer: D

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) creates a secure, encrypted connection over the internet between the user and a remote network, enabling secure access from home or public networks.

“VPNs provide a secure tunnel for transmitting data over unsecured networks, such as the internet, by encrypting all traffic between the client and the network.” — CompTIA ITF+ Security Topics

Other options:

A. LAN – Local and not for remote use

B. FTP – Transfers files but lacks modern encryption

C. DNS – Resolves domain names, not for access

Correct answer: D

Disk management is the OS feature used to create, delete, format, or partition storage devices. It allows users to manage drives and volumes locally.

“Disk management tools are used to manage and configure storage devices, including creating and formatting partitions and volumes.” — CompTIA ITF+ Operating System Features

Correct answer: D

Although the values look numeric, the sequence “1, 10, 2...” suggests they are being treated as strings (text values), especially if they are not sorted numerically. In programming, strings are sequences of characters—even if those characters are digits.

“String data type is used to store alphanumeric characters, including numeric characters represented as text rather than numbers.” — CompTIA ITF+ Data Concepts

Correct answer: D

Data monetization refers to generating revenue from data assets, such as selling access or insights from collected user data to third parties.

“Data monetization involves using data to generate economic value — for example, selling user data to vendors or advertisers.” — CompTIA ITF+ Data Concepts

Correct answer: A

The CompTIA Tech+ Study Guide explains:

“For a table in a database to be relational, it must have a primary key. In fact, its creation is mandatory when a table is created. A primary key is one or more fields whose data is used to identify a record uniquely.”

It further adds:

“Primary keys for tables are stored in an index, which enforces the uniqueness requirement.”

Hence, the unique identifier for records in a relational database is the primary key.

Verified Reference:

Chapter 7: Database Fundamentals — “Primary Key” (pp. 394–395).

The syntax shown uses tags like and

, which are characteristic of a markup language, specifically HTML (HyperText Markup Language). Markup languages describe the structure and presentation of text.

“Markup languages, such as HTML and XML, are used to annotate text so that the computer can manipulate it. HTML is used to design the structure of web pages using tags like ,

,

, etc.” — CompTIA ITF+ Official Guide

Other options:

Query languages like SQL retrieve data.

Compiled languages require compilation into machine code (e.g., C++).

Scripting languages are used for automation but don’t use markup syntax.

Correct answer: A

Conferencing software (e.g., Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Webex) enables users to conduct meetings online using audio, video, and screen sharing.

“Conferencing software facilitates real-time communication and collaboration over the internet through audio and video.” — CompTIA ITF+ Applications and Software

Correct answer: D