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What is a "provider" in the context of the Snowflake Marketplace or Data Exchange?
A user who only consumes data
A user who manages Snowflake infrastructure
A user or organization that shares data products or data listings
A user who is a Snowflake employee
In Snowflake Marketplace and Data Exchange, aprovideris any Snowflake user or organization that publishes and shares datasets, data products, or applications with other Snowflake consumers. Providers control access to their listings, configure data sharing models, and can offer either free or paid data products. They manage listing descriptions, update schedules, and refresh logic, ensuring customers or subscribers receive up-to-date and reliable information. Providers can be enterprises, analytics vendors, public data contributors, or research institutions. They are distinct from consumers, who access or use the shared data. Providers also do not handle Snowflake platform infrastructure—that is Snowflake’s responsibility. Snowflake employees are not categorized as providers unless they publish official Snowflake datasets. Thus, the primary purpose of a provider is to share curated data offerings on the Marketplace or within private exchanges.
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Which of the following are examples of system-defined roles in Snowflake? (Choose any 3 options)
USERADMIN
CUSTOM_ROLE
ACCOUNTADMIN
SECURITYADMIN
Snowflake includes severalsystem-defined RBAC rolesto provide structured access control across the platform.
ACCOUNTADMINis the highest-privileged role, governing the entire account, including billing, replication, failover groups, and object ownership inheritance.
SECURITYADMINis responsible for user, role, and privilege management, including granting and revoking roles, password policies, and MFA enforcement. It is essential for identity lifecycle governance.
USERADMINmanages user creation, role creation, and user authentication administration. It is commonly assigned to identity administrators.
CUSTOM_ROLEis not a Snowflake system role; it is a user-created role, allowing organizations to design fine-grained, domain-specific access policies.
These predefined roles form the foundation of Snowflake’s security model and support least-privilege implementations.
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What is the CREATE FILE FORMAT command used for in Snowflake?
To delete a file format
To define the format of data files for processing
To modify an existing file format in a table
To create a new table
The CREATE FILE FORMAT command creates a file format object in Snowflake that defines how data files should be interpreted when loading or unloading. Parameters in the definition include file type (for example, CSV, JSON, PARQUET), field delimiters, compression, quoting rules, and other parsing options. Once created, this file format object can be referenced by COPY INTO commands or external table definitions to ensure consistent handling of files.
Deleting a file format is performed using DROP FILE FORMAT. Modifying an existing file format is done with ALTER FILE FORMAT. Creating a new table is achieved with CREATE TABLE. Therefore, the purpose of CREATE FILE FORMAT is specifically to define how Snowflake should process data files.
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How are privileges inherited in the Snowflake role hierarchy?
Privileges are only inherited by direct child roles in the hierarchy.
Privileges are inherited by any roles at the same level in the hierarchy.
Privileges are inherited by any roles above a given role in the hierarchy.
Privileges are only inherited by the direct parent role in the hierarchy.
Snowflake uses a hierarchical Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model. When Role A is granted to Role B, the higher-level role (Role B) inherits all privileges of the lower-level role (Role A). This upward inheritance allows broad administrative roles (such as SYSADMIN) to automatically inherit permissions granted to subordinate roles.
Key principle:privilege inheritance flows upward, not downward.
• Parent roles inherit from child roles.
• Child roles donotinherit from parent roles.
Sibling roles do not share privileges unless explicitly granted.
Thus, roles above a given role in the hierarchy inherit privileges, making option C correct.
Options A and D incorrectly describe downward inheritance, which Snowflake does not perform.
Option B (same-level inheritance) also does not occur unless privileges are explicitly granted.
This hierarchical model simplifies governance by allowing higher-level administrative roles to centrally manage access across multiple subordinate roles.
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Which column is returned when the FLATTEN table function is executed?
VALUE
OUTPUT
ROWNUM
LEVEL
The FLATTEN table function expands semi-structured data such as arrays or objects stored in VARIANT columns. Its output includes several metadata columns, and the most important among them isVALUE, which contains the extracted element from the array or object. VALUE is the column that developers typically join on or reference to access the flattened data.
In addition to VALUE, FLATTEN returns KEY (for object keys), INDEX (position in arrays), SEQ (internal ordering), and PATH (hierarchical reference path). These other columns support analytical or transformation logic, but VALUE remains the primary output used for downstream SQL.
The other listed options—OUTPUT, ROWNUM, and LEVEL—are not part of the FLATTEN function’s output schema. ROWNUM and LEVEL may appear in other SQL contexts but not in FLATTEN results. Therefore, the correct answer is VALUE.
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What is the purpose of the COPY INTO SQL command?
To copy data into a virtual warehouse
To copy data from one table into another
To load data from a stage into a table
To duplicate all files on a stage
COPY INTO
