AIP-210 Exam Dumps - CertNexus Certified AI Practitioner Questions and Answers

Skip-gram and TF-IDF are both text vectorization methods that convert text into numerical feature vectors. Skip-gram is a prediction-based word embedding method that learns vector representations of words from their contexts in a large corpus of text. TF-IDF is a frequency-based word weighting method that assigns scores to words based on their importance in a document and in a corpus of documents. References: Text Vectorization and Word Embedding | Guide to Master NLP (Part 5), What Is Text Vectorization? Everything You Need to Know - deepset

This SQL query provides the Directors’ Firstname, Lastname, the name of their departments, and the average employee’s salary by joining the three tables using the appropriate join types and conditions. The RIGHT JOIN between Employee_Table and Department_Table ensures that all departments are included in the result, even if they have no employees. The INNER JOIN between Department_Table and Directorjable ensures that only departments with directors are included in the result. The GROUP BY clause groups the result by the directors’ names and departments’ names, and calculates the average salary for each group using the AVG function. References: SQL Joins - W3Schools, SQL GROUP BY Statement - W3Schools

Lasso regression and ridge regression are both types of linear regression models that can handle high-dimensional and categorical data. They use regularization techniques to reduce the complexity of the model and avoid overfitting. Lasso regression uses L1 regularization, which adds a penalty term proportional to the absolute value of the coefficients to the loss function. This can shrink some coefficients to zero and perform feature selection. Ridge regression uses L2 regularization, which adds a penalty term proportional to the square of the coefficients to the loss function. This can shrink all coefficients towards zero and reduce multicollinearity. References: [Lasso (statistics) - Wikipedia], [Ridge regression - Wikipedia]

Underfitting is a problem that occurs when a model learns too little from the training data and fails to capture the underlying complexity or structure of the data. Underfitting can result from using insufficient or irrelevant features, a low complexity of the model, or a lack of training data. Underfitting can reduce the accuracy and generalization of the model, as it may produce oversimplified or inaccurate predictions. Some of the ways to fix underfitting are:

Add features to training data: Adding more features or variables to the training data can help increase the information and diversity of the data, which can help the model learn more complex patterns and relationships.

Increase the complexity of the model: Increasing the complexity of the model can help increase its expressive power and flexibility, which can help it fit better to the data. For example, adding more layers or nodes to a neural network can increase its complexity.

Train the model for more epochs: Training the model for more epochs can help increase its learning ability and convergence, which can help it optimize its parameters and reduce its error.

Getting more training data will not work to fix underfitting, as it will not change the complexity or structure of the data or the model. Getting more training data may help with overfitting, which is when a model learns too much from the training data and fails to generalize well to new or unseen data.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a technique that reduces the dimensionality of a dataset by transforming it into a set of new variables called principal components. The principal components are linear combinations of the original variables that capture the maximum amount of variance in the data. The first principal component explains the most variance, the second principal component explains the second most variance, and so on. The goal of PCA is to retain as much variance as possible while reducing the number of variables.

The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix is an open framework designed to help detect, respond to, and remediate threats in ML systems. The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix is inspired by the MITRE ATTandCK® Matrix1, which is a framework for describing cyberattacks across various stages of an attack lifecycle. The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix adapts this framework to address specific threats and vulnerabilities in ML systems, such as data poisoning, model stealing, model evasion, or model inversion2. The Adversarial ML Threat Matrix provides a structured way to organize and classify adversarial techniques, tactics, procedures, examples, and mitigations for ML systems2.

Personal data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual, such as name, address, email, phone number, or biometric data. Personal data should not be disclosed, made available, or otherwise used for purposes other than specified, except with:

The consent of the person it is collected from: Consent is a clear and voluntary indication of agreement by the person to the processing of their personal data for a specific purpose. Consent can be given by a statement or a clear affirmative action, such as ticking a box or clicking a button.

The authority of law: The authority of law is a legal basis or obligation that requires or permits the processing of personal data for a legitimate purpose. For example, the authority of law could be a court order, a subpoena, a warrant, or a statute.