CLF-C02 Exam Dumps - Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Foundational Questions and Answers

A network ACL (NACL) is an optional layer of security for your VPC that acts as a firewall for controlling traffic in and out of one or more subnets. You can create a network ACL and associate it with a subnet to apply rules that allow or deny traffic to or from the subnet. Network ACLs are stateless, meaning that they evaluate the source and destination IP addresses for both inbound and outbound traffic. You can also use network ACLs to block IP address ranges that are known to be malicious12.

The other options are not AWS services or tools that can be used to set up a firewall to control traffic going into and coming out of an Amazon VPC subnet. Security groups are another layer of security for your VPC that act as a firewall for your EC2 instances. Security groups are stateful, meaning that they automatically allow return traffic for allowed inbound traffic. Security groups can only filter traffic based on protocols, ports, and source or destination IP addresses, not on IP ranges3. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect your web applications from common web exploits. AWS WAF can filter web requests based on rules that you define, such as IP addresses, HTTP headers, HTTP body, or URI strings. AWS WAF does not apply to non-web traffic or to traffic within a VPC4. AWS Firewall Manager is a service that helps you centrally configure and manage firewall rules across your accounts and resources in AWS Organizations. You can use Firewall Manager to apply AWS WAF rules, AWS Network Firewall policies, and Amazon VPC security groups across your AWS accounts. AWS Firewall Manager does not provide a firewall service itself, but rather helps you manage other firewall services

AWS Cost Exploreris a tool that enables you to view and analyze your costs and usage. It provides an easy-to-use interface to visualize, understand, and manage AWS costs and usage over time. Cost Explorer allows the company to monitor ongoing costs, set budget alerts, and analyze cost drivers, which is ideal for keeping the cost of running an ecommerce website within a specific budget.

B. AWS SDKs: Incorrect, as they are software development kits that allow integration with AWS services but do not provide cost monitoring or management capabilities.

C. EC2 Image Builder: Incorrect, as it is a service for automating the creation of virtual machine images, not for monitoring costs.

D. AWS CloudFormation: Incorrect, as it is used for provisioning and managing infrastructure as code, not for cost monitoring.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Cost Explorer

Spot Instances provide a cost-effective option for running Amazon EC2 instances for workloads that can tolerate interruptions. They allow you to use unused EC2 capacity in the AWS Cloud at a discounted price, making them suitable for applications that are flexible in terms of start and stop times. On-Demand Instances are more expensive and do not provide discounts for short-term, interruptible workloads, while Reserved and Dedicated Instances are for long-term or specific hardware needs.

When a company hosts its databases on Amazon EC2 instances, AWS and the customer share the responsibility for the security and management of the database environment. According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, while the customer is responsible for the security in the cloud. This means that AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs the EC2 instances, such as the hardware, software, networking, and facilities. The customer is responsible for properly configuring the security of the provided service, such as the guest operating system, the database software, the data, and the network traffic12.

One of the tasks that belongs to AWS when a company hosts its databases on Amazon EC2 instances is operating system patches. AWS provides regular updates and patches to the operating system of the EC2 instances, which are applied automatically by default. The customer can also choose to manually apply the patches or schedule them for a specific time window3. Operating system patches are important for maintaining the security and performance of the EC2 instances and the databases running on them.

The other tasks that belong to AWS when a company hosts its databases on Amazon EC2 instances are:

Operating system installations: AWS provides a variety of operating system options for the EC2 instances, such as Linux, Windows, and Amazon Linux. The customer can choose the operating system that best suits their database needs and AWS will install it on the EC2 instances4.

Server maintenance: AWS performs regular maintenance and repairs on the physical servers that host the EC2 instances, ensuring that they are in optimal condition and have adequate power, cooling, and network connectivity5.

Hardware lifecycle: AWS manages the lifecycle of the hardware that supports the EC2 instances, such as replacing faulty components, upgrading equipment, and decommissioning old servers.

The tasks that do not belong to AWS when a company hosts its databases on Amazon EC2 instances are:

Database backups: The customer is responsible for backing up their data and databases on the EC2 instances, using tools such as Amazon S3, Amazon EBS snapshots, or AWS Backup. Database backups are essential for data protection and recovery in case of failures or disasters.

Database software patches: The customer is responsible for applying patches and updates to the database software on the EC2 instances, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, or SQL Server. Database software patches are important for fixing bugs, improving features, and addressing security vulnerabilities.

Database software install: The customer is responsible for installing the database software on the EC2 instances, choosing the version and configuration that meets their requirements. AWS provides some preconfigured AMIs (Amazon Machine Images) that include common database software, or the customer can use their own custom AMIs.

Shared Responsibility Model - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Shared responsibility model - Amazon Web Services: Risk and Compliance

Patching Amazon EC2 instances - AWS Systems Manager

Amazon EC2 FAQs - Amazon Web Services

Maintenance and Retirements - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

[Hardware Lifecycle - Amazon Web Services (AWS)]

[Backing Up Your Data - Amazon Web Services (AWS)]

[Database Patching - Amazon Web Services (AWS)]

[Installing Database Software on Amazon EC2 Instances - Amazon Web Services (AWS)]

 The AWS Well-Architected Framework is a set of best practices and guidelines for designing and operating reliable, secure, efficient, and cost-effective systems in the cloud. The framework consists of five pillars: operational excellence, performance efficiency, reliability, security, and cost optimization. The security pillar covers the AWS shared responsibility model, which defines the security and compliance responsibilities of AWS and the customers. You can learn more about the AWS Well-Architected Framework from [this whitepaper] or [this digital course].

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs all ofthe services offered in the AWS Cloud, such as data centers, hardware, software, networking, and facilities1. This includes the configuration of infrastructure devices, such as routers, switches, firewalls, and load balancers2. Customers are responsible for managing their data, applications, operating systems, security groups, and other aspects of their AWS environment1. Therefore, options A, B, and D are customer responsibilities, not AWS responsibilities. References: 1: AWS Well-Architected Framework - Elasticity; 2: Reactive Systems on AWS - Elastic

AWS KMS is the service that is used to provide encryption for Amazon EBS. AWS KMS is a managed service that enables you to easily create and control the encryption keys used to encrypt your data.Amazon EBS uses AWS KMS to encrypt and decrypt your EBS volumes and snapshots. You can choose to use either the default AWS managed CMK or your own customer managed CMK for encryption. AWS KMS also provides features such as key rotation, audit logging, and access control policies to help you manage your encryption keys and protect your data12. The other services are not used to provide encryption for Amazon EBS. AWS Certificate Manager is a service that lets you provision, manage, and deploy public and private SSL/TLScertificates for use with AWS services and your internal connected resources3. AWS Systems Manager is a service that provides a unified user interface to view and manage your AWS resources, automate common operational tasks, and apply compliance policies4. AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources. References: Amazon EBS encryption, AWS Key Management Service, AWS Certificate Manager, AWS Systems Manager, [AWS Config]

Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances are ideal for unpredictable workloads that do not require a long-term commitment. This option allows users to pay for compute capacity by the hour or second, with no long-term commitments. It is suitable for short-term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted and require flexibility. Option A is better suited for Reserved Instances, Option B is ideal for Spot Instances, and Option D is more suited for Reserved Instances due to cost optimization for long-term use.

"There is no long-term commitment required when you purchase On-Demand Instances. You pay only for the seconds that your On-Demand Instances are in the running state, with a 60-second minimum. The price per second for a running On-Demand Instance is fixed, and is listed on the Amazon EC2 Pricing, On-Demand Pricing page. We recommend that you use On-Demand Instances for applications with short-term, irregular workloads that cannot be interrupted."https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-on-demand-instances.html

AWS Artifact is a service that provides on-demand access to security and compliance reports from AWS and Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) who sell their products on AWS Marketplace. You can use AWS Artifact to download auditor-issued reports, certifications, accreditations, and other third-party attestations of AWS compliance with various standards and regulations, such as PCI-DSS, HIPAA, FedRAMP, GDPR, and more1234. You can also use AWS Artifact to review, accept, and manage your agreements with AWS and apply them to current and future accounts within your organization2. References: 1: Cloud Compliance - Amazon Web Services (AWS), 2: Security Compliance Management - AWS Artifact - AWS, 3: AWS ComplianceContact Us - Amazon Web Services, 4: AWS SECURITY AND COMPLIANCE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

The People perspective in the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) serves as a bridge between technology and business, accelerating the cloud journey to help organizations more rapidly evolve to a culture of continuous growth, learning, and where change becomes business-as-normal, with focus on culture, organizational structure, leadership, and workforce1. References: People Perspective - AWS Cloud Adoption Framework

AWS Transit Gateway is a network transit hub that you can use to interconnect your VPCs and on-premises networks through a central gateway. AWS Transit Gateway simplifies and scales the connectivity between your on-premises networks and AWS, as you only need to create and manage a single connection from the central gateway to each on-premises network, rather than individual connections to each VPC. You can also use AWS Transit Gateway to connect to other AWS services, such as Amazon S3, Amazon DynamoDB, and AWS PrivateLink12. AWS Transit Gateway supports thousands of VPCs per gateway, and enables you to peer Transit Gateways across AWS Regions3.

The other options are not AWS services or features that can simplify and scale the connectivity between on-premises networks and hundreds of VPCs using AWS Direct Connect. VPC endpoints enable private connectivity between your VPCs and supported AWS services, but do not support on-premises networks4. Amazon Route 53 is a DNS service that helps you route internet traffic to your resources, but does not provide network connectivity5. AWS Secrets Manager is a service that helps you securely store and manage secrets, such as database credentials and API keys, but does not relate to network connectivity

Amazon S3 is a service that provides durable storage for static content and infinitely scalable data storage infrastructure at the lowest cost. Amazon S3 is an object storage service that allows you to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the internet. Amazon S3 offers industry-leading scalability, availability, and performance, as well as 99.999999999% (11 9s) of durability and multi-AZ resilience. Amazon S3 also provides various storage classes that offer different levels of performance and cost optimization, such as S3 Standard, S3 Intelligent-Tiering, S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA), S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3One Zone-IA), and S3 Glacier456. Amazon S3 is ideal for storing static content, such as images, videos, documents, and web pages, as well as building data lakes, backup and archive solutions, big data analytics, and machine learning applications456. References: 4: Cloud Storage on AWS, 5: Object Storage - Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) - AWS, 6: Amazon S3 Documentation

Amazon FSx for Windows File Server is a fully managed file server that supports Microsoft workloads and file systems, including the SMB protocol. It provides features such as user quotas, end-user file restore, and Microsoft Active Directory integration. Amazon EFS is a fully managed file system that supports the NFS protocol, not SMB. Amazon FSx for Lustre is a fully managed file system that supports high-performance computing workloads, not Microsoft workloads. Amazon EBS is a block storage service that does not provide a file system or SMB support. References: Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, Amazon FSx for Lustre, Amazon EFS, Amazon EBS

Amazon EC2 Spot Instancesoffer spare AWS compute capacity at a significantly reduced cost compared to On-Demand Instances. Spot Instances are ideal for fault-tolerant and flexibleworkloads that can tolerate interruptions, such as batch jobs, data processing, or large-scale computations. These instances may be interrupted by AWS if there is a demand for capacity, but they provide the best cost optimization for workloads that can handle such interruptions.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon Macie: A data security and privacy service, not relevant to running batch jobs.

B. Amazon Neptune: A graph database service, not relevant to compute optimization.

D. Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances: Provide flexible compute capacity but at a higher cost than Spot Instances, which are more suitable for cost optimization.

Amazon CloudFront and AWS Global Accelerator are two AWS services that make use of global edge locations. Edge locations are AWS sites that are deployed worldwide in major cities and places with a high population. Edge locations are used to cache data and reduce latency for end-user access1.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency and high transfer speeds. Amazon CloudFront uses a global network of over 200 edge locations and 13 regional edge caches to cache your content closer to your viewers, improving performance and reducing costs23.

AWS Global Accelerator is a networking service that improves the availability and performance of your applications with local or global users. AWS Global Accelerator uses the AWS global network to route user traffic to the optimal endpoint based on health, performance, and policies. AWS Global Accelerator uses over 100 edge locations to bring your application endpoints closer to your users, reducing networkhops and improving user experience45. References: 1: AWS for the Edge - Amazon Web Services (AWS), 2: Content Delivery Network (CDN) - Amazon CloudFront - AWS, 3: Amazon CloudFront Documentation, 4: AWS Global Accelerator - Amazon Web Services, 5: AWS Global Accelerator Documentation