CLF-C02 Exam Dumps - Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Foundational Questions and Answers

IAM roles are a way of granting temporary permissions to entities that need to access AWS resources, such as users, applications, or services. IAM roles allow customers to assign permissions to entities without having to create or manage IAM users or credentials for them. IAM roles can be assumed by different entities depending on the trust policy attached to the role. For example, IAM roles can be assumed by IAM users in the same or different AWS accounts, AWS services such as EC2 or Lambda, or external identities such as federated users or web identities. IAM roles can also be switched by IAM users to temporarily change their permissions. IAM roles are recommended for managing permissions for employees who often change teams, because they allow customers to define permissions based on job roles and responsibilities, and easily assign or revoke them as needed. IAM roles also reduce the operational overhead of creating, updating, or deleting IAM users or credentials for each employee or team change.

 The trade of infrastructure expenses for operating expenses is one of the benefits of the AWS Cloud. By moving to the AWS Cloud, the company can avoid the upfront costs of purchasing and maintaining on-premises infrastructure, such as servers, storage, network, and software. Instead, the company can pay only for the AWS resources and services that they use, as they use them. This reduces the risk and complexity of planning and managing IT infrastructure, and allows the company to focus on innovation and growth. Increased speed to market, massive economies of scale, and the ability to go global in minutes are also benefits of the AWS Cloud, but they are not the best ones to describe this scenario. Increased speed to market means that the company can launch new products and services faster by using AWS services and tools. Massive economies of scale means that the company can benefit from the lower costs and higher performance that AWS achieves by operating at a large scale. The ability to go global in minutes means that the company can deploy their applications and data in multiple regions and availability zones around the world to reach their customers faster and improve performance and reliability5

Amazon EventBridge Overview:

EventBridge is a serverless event bus that enables applications to react to changes in AWS resources.

It supports routing events such as EC2 state changes to various targets, including AWS Step Functions.

How EventBridge Meets the Requirement:

EventBridge can capture the EC2 instance state change event and trigger the execution of a Step Functions workflow.

The integration is seamless and supports workflows triggered by multiple event sources.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Amazon SageMaker:Used for building, training, and deploying machine learning models; not related to event triggers.

B. Amazon Connect:A cloud-based contact center service; unrelated to event triggers.

D. AWS Fargate:A compute engine for containers; does not manage events or invoke workflows.

AWS Trusted Advisor is an online tool that provides you real time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices, including security and performance. It can help you monitor for misconfigured security groups that are allowing unrestricted access to specific ports. Amazon CloudWatch is a service that monitors your AWS resources and the applications you run on AWS. Amazon GuardDuty is a threat detection service that continuously monitors for maliciousactivity and unauthorized behavior. AWS Health Dashboard provides relevant and timely information to help you manage events in progress, and provides proactive notification to help you plan for scheduled activities.

Hardware and infrastructure is the option that AWS is responsible for under the AWS shared responsibility model. The AWS shared responsibility model describes how AWS and customers share responsibilities for security and compliance in the cloud. AWS is responsible for security of the cloud, which means protecting the infrastructure that runs all the services offered in the AWS Cloud. This infrastructure is composed of the hardware, software, networking, and facilities that run AWS Cloud services. Customers are responsible for security in the cloud, which means taking care of the security of their own applications, data, and operating systems. This includes network and firewall configuration, client-side data encryption, management of user permissions, and more.

On-Demand Instances are ideal for workloads that require flexibility, offering compute capacity with no upfront cost, allowing users to pay by the second for the instances they use. This makes it suitable for applications with short-term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted. Reserved Instances require long-term commitments, Spot Instances can be interrupted, and Dedicated Instances are for specific hardware requirements, making On-Demand the correct choice for uninterruptible and flexible instance usage.

Under theAWS Shared Responsibility Model, AWS manages securityofthe cloud (such as physical infrastructure and virtualization), while customers are responsible for securityinthe cloud. This means that customers are responsible for:

B. Encrypt data and maintain data integrity: Correct, as customers are responsible for securing their data, including encryption and maintaining its integrity.

D. Maintain identity and access management controls: Correct, as customers are responsible for managing access to their AWS resources, including creating and managing IAM users, roles, and permissions.

A. Secure the virtualization layer: Incorrect, as AWS is responsible for securing the underlying virtualization layer.

C. Patch the Amazon RDS operating system: Incorrect, as AWS handles patching and maintenance of the managed service’s underlying infrastructure.

E. Secure Availability Zones: Incorrect, as AWS is responsible for securing the physical infrastructure, including Availability Zones.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Shared Responsibility Model

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, while the customer is responsible for the security in the cloud. This means that AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the AWS Cloud, such as the global network, the hardware, the software, and the facilities. The customer is responsible for properly configuring the security of the provided service, such as the guest operating system, the application software, the data, and the network traffic. For abstracted services, such as Amazon RDS, AWS operates the infrastructure layer, the operating system, and the database software, while the customer is responsible for managing their data, classifying their assets, and using IAM tools to apply the appropriate permissions12.

Therefore, the tasks that are the customer’s responsibility are:

Perform client-side data encryption: The customer is responsible for encrypting their data before sending it to AWS, and decrypting it after receiving it from AWS. This ensures that the data is protected in transit and at rest. AWS provides various encryption options, such as AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS), AWS CloudHSM, and AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)3.

Configure IAM credentials: The customer is responsible for creating and managing IAM users, groups, roles, and policies that control the access to AWS resources and services. IAM credentials include user names, passwords, access keys, and permissions4.

The tasks that are not the customer’s responsibility are:

Establish the global infrastructure: AWS is responsible for building and maintaining the global network of regions, availability zones, and edge locations that provide low latency, high availability, and fault tolerance for the AWS Cloud5.

Secure edge locations: AWS is responsible for protecting the physical security of the edge locations, which are sites that deliver cached content to end users with improved performance6.

Patch Amazon RDS DB instances: AWS is responsible for applying patches and updates to the operating system and the database software of the Amazon RDS DB instances, which are managed relational database service for MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and Amazon Aurora. References:

Shared Responsibility Model - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Shared responsibility model - Amazon Web Services: Risk and Compliance

Encryption - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

What Is IAM? - AWS Identity and Access Management

Global Infrastructure - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Amazon CloudFront Features - Content Delivery Network (CDN)

[What Is Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)? - Amazon Relational Database Service]

AnApplication Load Balancer (ALB)is the best choice for distributing incoming HTTP/HTTPS traffic evenly across multiple Amazon EC2 instances. It operates at theapplication layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model) and is specifically designed to handle HTTP and HTTPS traffic, which is ideal for web applications.

Here is why the ALB is the correct choice:

Layer 7 Load Balancing: The ALB works at the application layer and provides advanced routing capabilities based on content. It can inspect the incoming HTTP requests and make decisions on how to route traffic to various backend targets, which include Amazon EC2 instances, containers, or Lambda functions. This is particularly useful for web applications where you need to make routing decisions based on HTTP headers, paths, or query strings.

HTTP and HTTPS Support: The ALB natively supports HTTP and HTTPS protocols, making it the ideal load balancer for web-based applications. It can efficiently manage and route these types of traffic and handle tasks such as SSL/TLS termination.

Health Checks: The ALB can continuously monitor the health of the registered EC2 instances and only route traffic to healthy instances. This ensures high availability and reliability of the web application.

Path-based and Host-based Routing: The ALB can route traffic based on the URL path or host header. This feature allows the same load balancer to serve multiple applications hosted on different domains or subdomains.

Integration with Auto Scaling: The ALB can integrate seamlessly with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. As the number of EC2 instances increases or decreases, the ALB automatically includes the new instances in its traffic distribution pool, ensuring even distribution of incoming requests.

WebSocket Support: It also supports WebSocket and HTTP/2 protocols, which are essential for modern web applications that require real-time, bidirectional communication.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling: This service is used to automatically scale the number of EC2 instances up or down based on specified conditions. However, it does not provide load balancing capabilities. It works well with load balancers but does not handle the distribution of incoming traffic by itself.

C. Gateway Load Balancer: This is designed to distribute traffic to virtual appliances like firewalls, IDS/IPS systems, or deep packet inspection systems. It operates at Layer 3 (Network Layer) and is not ideal for distributing HTTP/HTTPS traffic to EC2 instances.

D. Network Load Balancer: This load balancer operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) and is designed to handle millions of requests per second while maintaining ultra-low latencies. It is best suited for TCP, UDP, and TLS traffic but does not provide advanced Layer 7 routing features required for HTTP/HTTPS traffic.

The AWS Well-Architected Framework is a set of six pillars and lenses that help cloud architects design and run workloads in the cloud. The six pillars are: operational excellence, security, reliability, performance efficiency, cost optimization, and sustainability. Each pillar has a set of design principles and best practices that guide the architectural decisions. High availability is not a separate pillar, but a quality that can be achieved by applying the principles of the reliability pillar. Going global in minutes and continuous development are not pillars of the framework, but possible benefits of using AWS services and following the framework’s recommendations. References: AWS Well-Architected - Build secure, efficient cloud applications, AWS Well-Architected Framework, The 6 Pillars of the AWS Well-Architected Framework

AWS Security Hub is a cloud security posture management (CSPM) service that performs security best practice checks, aggregates alerts, and enables automated remediation. Security Hub collects findings from the security services enabled across your AWS accounts, such as intrusion detection findings from Amazon GuardDuty, vulnerability scans from Amazon Inspector, and sensitive data identification findings from Amazon Macie. Security Hub also collects findings from partner security products using a standardized AWS Security Finding Format, eliminating the need for time-consuming data parsing and normalization efforts. Customers can designate an administrator account that can access all findings across their accounts. References: AWS Security Hub Overview, AWS Security Hub FAQs

One of the primary advantages of the AWS Cloud is the ability to provision resources on demand. Users no longer need to over-provision or guess the capacity needed for infrastructure, which helps optimizecosts and improve agility. AWS handles infrastructure scaling dynamically based on the actual usage. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as users do not maintain sole ownership of IT hardware or control of underlying infrastructure, and while they do maintain some control over the operating system in some cases, it is not an advantage specific to the cloud.

Migration Evaluator is a cloud-based service that provides organizations with a comprehensive assessment of their current IT environment and estimates the cost savings and performance improvements that can be achieved by migrating to AWS. Migration Evaluator helps users build a data-driven business case for AWS by discovering over-provisioned on-premises instances,providing recommendations for cost-effective AWS alternatives, and analyzing existing licenses and cost comparisons of Bring Your Own License (BYOL) and License Included (LI) options

By implementingAWS CloudTrail, a company is adhering to the AWS Cloud design principle ofactivating traceability. AWS CloudTrail provides detailed logs of all API calls made in an AWS account, which helps monitor, troubleshoot, and detect unusual activity, thereby improving security and compliance. This supports the principle of "activating traceability" by enabling continuous monitoring and auditing of all actions and changes within the AWS environment.

B. Use serverless compute architectures: Incorrect, as this principle encourages the use of managed services that handle infrastructure, such as AWS Lambda, and is not directly related to CloudTrail.

C. Perform operations as code: Incorrect, as this principle emphasizes the use of code and automation for infrastructure management.

D. Go global in minutes: Incorrect, as this principle relates to the global deployment of applications and services.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Well-Architected Framework

AWS CloudTrail

AWS Marketplace is a digital catalog that offers thousands of software products and solutions from independent software vendors (ISVs) and AWS partners. Customers can use AWS Marketplace to find, buy, and deploy software on AWS. Some of the benefits of using AWS Marketplace are:

Speed of business: You can quickly and easily discover and deploy software that meets your business needs, without having to go through lengthy procurement processes. You can also use AWS Marketplace to test and compare different solutions before making a purchase decision.

Fewer legal objections: You can benefit from standardized contract terms and conditions that are pre-negotiated between AWS and the ISVs. This reduces the time and effort required to review and approve legal agreements.

AWS Marketplaceis an online store where independent software vendors (ISVs) can list and sell their software products, including custom Amazon Machine Images (AMIs). It allows vendors to share, distribute, and monetize their AMIs with a broad audience of AWS customers.

B. AWS Data Exchange: Incorrect, as it is a service for finding, subscribing to, and using third-party data in the cloud, not for delivering custom AMIs.

C. Amazon EC2: Incorrect, as it is the service for running instances, but it does not provide a marketplace for distributing AMIs.

D. AWS Organizations: Incorrect, as it is a service for managing multiple AWS accounts, not for distributing software products like AMIs.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Marketplace

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is a service that helps you maintain application availability and allows you to automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to definable conditions. You can create collections of EC2 instances, called Auto Scaling groups, and specify the minimum and maximum number of instances in each group. You can also define scaling policies that adjust the number of instances based on the demand on your application. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps you improve the performance, reliability, and cost-efficiency of your EC2workloads123. References: 1: VDI Desktops - Amazon WorkSpaces Family - AWS, 2: What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling? - Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, 3: Discover Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Unit | Salesforce Trailhead

TheAWS Pricing Calculatoris a web-based tool that allows customers to estimate their monthly AWS costs by configuring and projecting the costs of different AWS services. The calculator is specifically designed to help customers plan their AWS spending based on their specific architecture and usage patterns. The other options are not correct because:

B. Calculate historical AWS costs: This is incorrect as the AWS Pricing Calculator does not track or calculate historical costs. For historical costs, AWS Cost Explorer is used.

C. Provide in-depth information about AWS pricing strategies: While the AWS Pricing Calculator provides cost estimations, it does not provide detailed insights into AWS pricing strategies.

D. Provide users with access to their monthly bills: This is incorrect; AWS Billing and Cost Management provides access to actual billing information.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Pricing Calculator

AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that provides on-premises access to virtually unlimited cloud storage. You can use AWS Storage Gateway to simplify storage management and reduce costs for key hybrid cloud storage use cases. One of these use cases is tape-based backup, which allows you to store data backups on virtual tapes in the AWS Cloud. You can use the Tape Gateway feature of AWS Storage Gateway to extend your existing physical tape library to the AWS Cloud. Tape Gateway provides a virtual tape infrastructure that scales seamlessly with your backup needs and eliminates the operational burden of provisioning, scaling, and maintaining a physical tape infrastructure123. References: 1: CloudStorage Appliances, Hybrid Device - AWS Storage Gateway - AWS, 2: AWS Storage Gateway Documentation, 3: AWS Storage Gateway Features | Amazon Web Services

Under the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for the security "of" the cloud, which includes the physical infrastructure, networking, and hypervisor layer. The customer, however, is responsible for security "in" the cloud, which includes managing the security of their data, patching and maintaining their guest operating system and applications, and managing identity and access. The responsibilities of shredding disk drives, preventing packet capture at the hypervisor level, and physical monitoring are handled by AWS as part of its responsibility for security "of" the cloud.