CLF-C02 Exam Dumps - Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Foundational Questions and Answers

 AWS CloudFormation is a service that gives developers and businesses an easy way to create a collection of related AWS and third-party resources, and provision and manage them in an orderly and predictable fashion. You can use AWS CloudFormation’s sample templates or create your own templates to describe the AWS and third-party resources, and any associated dependencies or runtime parameters, required to run your application.

This is the AWS service or resource that will meet the requirements of distributing traffic between the Amazon EC2 instances that host the website. Application Load Balancer is a type of Elastic Load Balancing that distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, IP addresses, and Lambda functions. Application Load Balancer operates at the application layer (layer 7) of the OSI model and supports advanced features such as path-based routing, host-based routing, health checks, and SSL termination. You can learn more about Application Load Balancer from [this webpage] or [this digital course].

 The correct answer is C because AWS CloudHSM is an AWS service that enables the security engineer to meet the requirements. AWS CloudHSM is a service that provides customers with dedicated hardware security modules (HSMs) to create, control, and manage their own cryptographic keys in the AWS Cloud. AWS CloudHSM allows customers to meet strict regulatory compliance requirements for data security, such as FIPS 140-2 Level 3, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA. The other options are incorrect because they are not AWS services that enable the security engineer to meet the requirements. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is a service that provides customers with a fully managed, scalable, and integrated key management system to create and control encryption keys for AWS services and applications. AWS KMS does not provide customers with single-tenant or dedicated HSMs. AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) is a service that provides customers with a simple and secure way to provision, manage, and deploy public and private Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates for use with AWS services and internal connected resources. ACM does not provide customers with HSMs or cryptographic keys. AWS Systems Manager is a service that provides customers with a unified user interface to view operational data from multiple AWS services and automate operational tasks across their AWS resources. AWS Systems Manager does not provide customers with HSMs or cryptographic keys. Reference: AWS CloudHSM FAQs

AWS CloudTrail is an AWS service that enables users to accomplish the task of recording API calls made to AWS services. AWS CloudTrail is a service that tracks user activity and API usage across the AWS account. AWS CloudTrail records the details of every API call made to AWS services, such as the identity of the caller, the time of the call, the source IP address of the caller, the parameters and responses of the call, and more. Users can use AWS CloudTrail to audit, monitor, and troubleshoot their AWS resources and actions. The other options are incorrect because they are not tasks that users can accomplish using AWS CloudTrail. Generating an IAM user credentials report is a task that users can accomplish using IAM, which is an AWS service that enables users to manage access and permissions to AWS resources and services. Assessing the compliance of AWS resource configurations with policies and guidelines is a task that users can accomplish using AWS Config, which is an AWS service that enables users to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of their AWS resources. Ensuring that Amazon EC2 instances are patched with the latest security updates is a task that users can accomplish using AWS Systems Manager, which is an AWS service that enables users to automate operational tasks, manage configuration and compliance, and monitor system health and performance. Reference: AWS CloudTrail FAQs

 AWS Health API is available to a company that has an AWS Business Support plan. The AWS Health API provides programmatic access to the AWS Health information that is presented in the AWS Personal Health Dashboard. The AWS Health API can help users get timely and personalized information about events that can affect the availability and performance of their AWS resources, such as scheduled maintenance, network issues, or service disruptions. The AWS Health API can also integrate with other AWS services, such as Amazon CloudWatch Events and AWS Lambda, to enable automated actions and notifications. AWS Health API OverviewAWS Support Plans

Reserved Instances (RIs) are a pricing model that allows you to reserve EC2 instances for a specified period of time (one or three years) and receive a significant discount compared to On-Demand pricing. RIs are suitable for workloads that have predictable usage patterns and require a long-term commitment. You can choose between three payment options: All Upfront, Partial Upfront, or No Upfront. The more you pay upfront, the greater the discount1.

Savings Plans are a flexible pricing model that can help you reduce your EC2 costs by up to 72% compared to On-Demand pricing, in exchange for a commitment to a consistent amount of usage (measured in $/hour) for a one or three year term. Savings Plans apply to usage across EC2, AWS Lambda, and AWS Fargate. You can choose between two types of Savings Plans: Compute Savings Plans and EC2 Instance Savings Plans. Compute Savings Plans offer the most flexibility and apply to any instance family, size, OS, tenancy, or region. EC2 Instance Savings Plans offer the highest discount and apply to a specific instance family within a region2.

Spot Instances are a pricing model that allows you to bid for unused EC2 capacity in the AWS cloud and are available at a discount of up to 90% compared to On-Demand pricing. Spot Instances are suitable for fault-tolerant or stateless workloads that can run on heterogeneous hardware and have flexible start and end times. However, SpotInstances are not guaranteed and can be interrupted by AWS at any time if the demand for capacity increases or your bid price is lower than the current Spot price3.

On-Demand Instances are a pricing model that allows you to pay for compute capacity by the hour or second with no long-term commitments. On-Demand Instances aresuitable for short-term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted, or for applications that are being developed or tested on EC2 for the first time. However, On-Demand Instances are the most expensive option among the four pricing models4.

Dedicated Hosts are physical EC2 servers fully dedicated for your use. Dedicated Hosts can help you reduce costs by allowing you to use your existing server-bound software licenses, such as Windows Server, SQL Server, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Dedicated Hosts can be purchased On-Demand or as part of Savings Plans. Dedicated Hosts are suitable for workloads that need to run on dedicated physical servers or have strict licensing requirements. However, Dedicated Hosts are not the lowest cost option among the four pricing models.

Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store service that is compatible with open source engines such as Redis and Memcached1. It provides fast and scalable performance for applications that require high throughput and low latency1. Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides consistent and single-digit millisecond latency at any scale2. Amazon EBS is a block storage service that provides persistent and durable storage volumes for Amazon EC2 instances3. Amazon Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service that allows users to run complex analytic queries using SQL4.

Adding a department tag to each resource and configuring cost allocation tags is an action that can help you accomplish the goal of billing each department for its resource usage with the least operational overhead. Tags are simple labels consisting of a key and an optional value that you can assign to AWS resources. You can use tags to organize your resources and track your AWS costs ona detailed level. Cost allocation tags enable you to track your AWS costs on a detailed level. After you activate cost allocation tags, AWS uses the cost allocation tags to organize your resource costs on your cost allocation report, to make it easier for you to categorize and track your AWS costs2. Moving each department resource to its own VPC or its own AWS account is an action that can help you isolate and control the resources for each department, but it would incur more operational overhead than using tags. Using AWS Organizations to get a billing report for each department is an action that can help you consolidate billing and payment across multiple AWS accounts, but it would not help you bill each department for its resource usage within a single VPC.

Amazon Cognito is a service that enables you to add user sign-up and sign-in features to your web and mobile applications. Amazon Cognito also supports social and enterprise identity federation, which means you can allow your users to sign in with their existing credentials from identity providers such as Google, Facebook, Apple, and Amazon. Amazon Cognito integrates with OpenID Connect (OIDC) and Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 protocols to facilitate the authentication and authorization process. Amazon Cognito also provides advanced security features, such as adaptive authentication, user verification, and multi-factor authentication (MFA). References: Amazon Cognito, What is Amazon Cognito?

AWS Site-to-Site VPN and AWS Direct Connect are AWS services that are connectivity services for a VPC. AWS Site-to-Site VPN is a service that enables you to securely connect your on-premises network or branch office site to your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). You can establish VPN connections over the internet or over AWS Direct Connect1. AWS Direct Connect is a service that lets you establish a dedicated network connection between your network and one of the AWS Direct Connect locations. Using AWS Direct Connect, you can create a private connection between AWS and your datacenter, office, or colocation environment, which can reduce your network costs,increase bandwidth throughput, and provide a more consistent network experience than internet-based connections2. Amazon Connect is a service that lets you set up and manage a contact center in the cloud, but it does not provide network connectivity between the VPC and your on-premises network. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is a service that makes it easy for you to create and manage cryptographic keys and control their use across a wide range of AWS services and inyour applications, but it does not provide network connectivity between the VPC and your on-premises network. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a service that enables you to manage access to AWS services and resources securely, but it does not provide network connectivity between the VPC and your on-premises network.

Amazon EC2 is the AWS service that requires the customer to be fully responsible for applying operating system patches. Amazon EC2 is a service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. Customers can launch virtual servers called instances and choose from various configurations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking resources1. Customers have full control and access to their instances, which means they are also responsible for managing and maintaining them, including applying operating system patches2. Customers can use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager, a feature of AWS Systems Manager, to automate the process of patching their EC2 instances with both security-related updates and other types of updates3.

A company wants an AWS service to collect and process 10 TB of data locally and transfer the data to AWS. The company has intermittent connectivity.

Which AWS service will meet these requirements?

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)

AWS DataSync

AWS Backup

AWS Snowball Edge

Answer: D

The correct answer is D. AWS Snowball Edge.

AWS Snowball Edge is a physical device that can be used to collect and process data locally and then transfer it to AWS. It is designed for situations where there is limited or intermittent network connectivity, or where bandwidth costs are high.AWS Snowball Edge can store up to 80 TB of data and has compute and storage capabilities to run applications on the device1.

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) is a service that helps migrate databases to AWS.It does not collect or process data locally, nor does it work offline2.

AWS DataSync is a service that helps transfer data between on-premises storage systems and AWS storage services.It does not collect or process data locally, and it requires a network connection to work3.

AWS Backup is a service that helps automate and manage backups across AWS services. It does not collect or process data locally, nor does it transfer data to AWS.It only backs up data that is already in AWS4.

AWS Business Support is the minimum recommended tier for users who have production workloads on AWS. AWS Business Support provides 24x7 access to cloud support engineers via phone, chat, or email, as well as a guaranteed response time of less than one hour for urgent issues. AWS Business Support also includes access to AWS Trusted Advisor, a tool that provides real-time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices4.

AWS Fargateis a serverless compute engine for containers that allows users to run containers without having to manage the underlying infrastructure. Fargate eliminates the need for managing servers and reduces operational overhead, providing a fully managed, serverless approach to containerized applications. It helps avoid unplanned administration and operational costs and is ideal for companies migrating from on-premises container infrastructure.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon Connect: A service for cloud-based contact centers, not for container management.

C. Amazon Lightsail: Simplifies virtual private server (VPS) management but is not serverless or specialized for containers.

D. Amazon EC2: Provides virtual servers but requires more manual administration and is not serverless.

AWS Management Console is a web application that allows you to manage and monitor your AWS Cloud resources through a user-friendly interface. You can use the AWS Management Console to access and experiment with over 150 AWS services, view and modify your account and billing information, get in-console help from AWS Support, and customize your dashboard with widgets that display key metrics and information for your applications567. You can also use the AWS Management Console to launch and configure AWS resources using wizards andtemplates, without writing any code5. References: 5: Manage AWS Resources - AWS Management Console - AWS, 6: Getting Started with the AWS Management Console, 7: Manage AWS Resources - AWS Management Console Features - AWS

Edge locations are sites that Amazon CloudFront uses to cache copies of your content for faster delivery to users at any location. You can use Amazon CloudFront to deliver your entire website, including dynamic, static, streaming, and interactive content using a global network of edge locations. Requests for your content are automatically routed to the nearest edge location, so content is delivered with the best possible performance3. Edge locations can also host AWS Lambda functions to perform compute operations for your web application as close to end users as possible4.

The AWS Cloud benefit that describes the ability to acquire resources as they are needed and release resources when they are no longer needed is elasticity. Elasticity means that users can quickly add and remove resources to match the demand of their applications, and only pay for what they use. Elasticity enables users to handle unpredictable workloads, reduce costs, and improve performance1. Economies of scale, agility, and security are other benefits of the AWS Cloud, but they do not describe the specific ability of acquiring and releasing resources on demand.

C is correct because turning on multi-factor authentication (MFA) for added security during the login process is one of the IAM security best practices recommended by AWS. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of the user name and password, making it harder for attackers to access the AWS account. A is incorrect because using the account root user access keys for administrative tasks is not a good practice, as the root user has full access to all the resources in the AWS account and can cause irreparable damage if compromised. AWS recommends creating individual IAM users with the least privilege principle and using roles for applications that run on Amazon EC2 instances. B is incorrect because granting broad permissions so that all company employees can access the resources they need is not a good practice, as it increases the risk of unauthorized or accidental actions on the AWS resources. AWS recommends granting only the permissions that are required to perform a task and using groups to assign permissions to IAM users. D is incorrect because avoiding rotating credentials to prevent issues in production applications is not a good practice, as it increases the risk of credential leakage or compromise. AWS recommends rotating credentials regularly and using temporary security credentials from AWS STS when possible.

The AWS service that will meet this requirement is C. AWS Backup.

AWS Backup is a service that allows you to define a central data protection policy that works across AWS services for compute, storage, and database resources. You can use AWS Backup to create backup plans that specify the frequency, retention, and lifecycle of your backups, and apply them to your AWS resources using tags or resource IDs.AWS Backup supports various AWS services, such as Amazon EC2,Amazon EBS, Amazon RDS, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon EFS, Amazon FSx, and AWS Storage Gateway12.

AWS Batch is a service that allows you to run batch computing workloads on AWS.AWS Batch does not provide a central data protection policy, but rather enables you to optimize the allocation and utilization of your compute resources3.

AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery is a service that allows you to prepare for and recover from disasters using AWS.AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery does not provide a central data protection policy, but rather helps you minimize downtime and data loss by replicating your applications and data to AWS4.

Amazon FSx is a service that provides fully managed file storage for Windows and Linux applications.Amazon FSx does not provide a central data protection policy, but rather offers features such as encryption, snapshots, backups, and replication to protect your file systems5.

Amazon EC2 is the AWS service that the company should use to meet its requirements of retaining full control of patch management for the guest operating systems that host its applications. Amazon EC2 is a service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. Users can launch virtual servers, called instances, that run various operating systems, such as Linux, Windows, macOS, and more. Users have full administrative access to their instances and can install and configure any software, including patches and updates, on their instances. Users are responsible for managing the security and maintenance of their instances, including patching the guest operating system and applications. Users can also use AWS Systems Manager to automate and simplify the patching process for their EC2 instances. AWS Systems Manager is a service that helps users manage their AWS and on-premises resources atscale. Users can use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager to scan their instances for missing patches, define patch baselines and maintenance windows, and apply patches automatically or manually across their instances. Users can also use AWS Systems Manager to monitor the patch compliance status and patching history of their instances. References: What is Amazon EC2?, AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager

 The AWS service or tool that provides recommendations to help users get rightsized Amazon EC2 instances based on historical workload usage data is AWS Compute Optimizer. AWS Compute Optimizer is a service that analyzes the configuration and performance of the AWS resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances, and provides recommendations for optimal resource types and sizes based on the workload patterns and metrics. AWS Compute Optimizer helps users improve the performance, availability, and cost efficiency of their AWS resources. AWS Pricing Calculator, AWS App Runner, and AWS Systems Manager are not the best services or tools to use for this purpose. AWS Pricing Calculator is a tool that helps users estimate the cost of using AWS services based on their requirements and preferences. AWS App Runner is a service that helps users easily and quickly deploy web applications and APIs without managing any infrastructure. AWS Systems Manager is a service that helps users automate and manage the configuration and operation of their AWS resources and applications34