FCSS_EFW_AD-7.6 Exam Dumps - Fortinet Certified Professional Network Security Questions and Answers

The Internet Service Database (ISDB) in FortiGate is used to enforce content filtering at Layer 3 (Network Layer) and Layer 4 (Transport Layer) of the OSI model by identifying applications based on their predefined IP addresses and ports.

FortiGate has a predefined list of all IPs and ports for specific applications downloaded from FortiGuard:

● FortiGate retrieves and updates a predefined list of IPs and ports for different internet services from FortiGuard.

● This allows FortiGate to block specific services at Layer 3 and Layer 4 without requiring deep packet inspection.

The ISDB blocks the IP addresses and ports of an application predefined by FortiGuard:

● ISDB works by matching traffic to known IP addresses and ports of categorized services.

● When an application or service is blocked, FortiGate prevents communication by denying traffic based on its destination IP and port number.

The best way to block outdated SSL/TLS versions is to configure the SSL/SSH inspection profile to enforce a minimum SSL/TLS version and disable weak SSL versions.

By setting the minimum allowed SSL version in the HTTPS settings of the SSL/SSH inspection profile, FortiGate will:

● Block any connection using outdated SSL/TLS versions (such as SSLv3, TLS 1.0, or TLS 1.1).

● Enforce secure communication using only strong SSL/TLS versions (such as TLS 1.2 or TLS 1.3).

● Protect users from man-in-the-middle (MITM) and downgrade attacks that exploit weak encryption.

FortiGate, like other security appliances, cannot analyze encrypted HTTPS traffic unless it decrypts it first. If only certificate inspection is enabled, FortiGate can see the certificate details (such as the domain and issuer) but cannot inspect the actual web content.

To fully analyze the traffic and detect potential malware threats:

● Full SSL inspection (Deep Packet Inspection) must be enabled in the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile.

● This allows FortiGate to decrypt the HTTPS traffic, inspect the content, and then re-encrypt it before forwarding it to the user.

● Without full SSL inspection, threats embedded in encrypted traffic may go undetected.

The issue occurs because FortiGate enforces the "do not fragment" (DF) bit in the packet, and the packet size exceeds the MTU of the network path. When the Windows PC1 (with an MTU of 1500 bytes) attempts to send a 1400-byte packet, the FortiGate interface (with an MTU of 1000 bytes) needs to fragment it. However, since the DF bit is set, FortiGate drops the packet instead of fragmenting it.

To resolve this, the user should adjust the ping packet size to fit within the path MTU. In this case, reducing the packet size to 972 bytes (1000 bytes MTU minus 28 bytes for the IP and ICMP headers) should allow successful transmission.

The exhibit shows an active-passive HA (high availability) cluster with two virtual clusters, where FortiGate_A is the primary device for both Core1 and Core2. If the goal is to have FortiGate_B take over Core2 traffic, its priority must be higher than FortiGate_A for Virtual Cluster 2.

Currently, FortiGate_A has a priority of 150 for Core2, while FortiGate_B has 128. Increasing FortiGate_B’s priority to 200 ensures it becomes the primary for Virtual Cluster 2, taking over the Core2 VDOM traffic while keeping Core1 traffic on FortiGate_A.

Disabling override would prevent forced failovers but wouldn’t change the role distribution. Adjusting the load-balancing method is irrelevant in an active-passive setup, as it only applies to active-active configurations.

Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 200 words of Explanation From Exact Extract of Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator documents:

Based on the FortiOS 7.6 Infrastructure study guide and official documentation regarding OSPF monitoring, the command output get router info ospf status provides critical details about the OSPF process.

Injecting External Information (Option D): The last line of the exhibit explicitly states, "This router is an ASBR" (Autonomous System Boundary Router). By definition in the OSPF protocol, an ASBR is a router that connects the OSPF network to another routing domain (such as BGP, Static, or Connected routes) and is responsible for injecting external routing information into the OSPF domain.

OSPF ECMP Support (Option B): The output indicates that the OSPF process "Conforms to RFC2328". RFC 2328 is the standard for OSPFv2, which includes the capability for Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP). In FortiOS, the OSPF engine supports multi-path routing by default, allowing the device to utilize multiple paths to the same destination if they share the same cost.

Option A is incorrect because the output does not indicate the router's DR/BDR election status on a specific segment. Option C is incorrect because "ID 0.0.0.5" refers to the Router ID, not the OSPF Area ID.

In an IBGP (Internal BGP) network, all routers must be fully meshed, meaning every router must establish a BGP session with every other router in the same autonomous system (AS). This does not scale well in large networks due to the exponential increase in BGP sessions.

To optimize and scale IBGP, Route Reflectors (RRs) are used. A Route Reflector (RR) reduces the number of IBGP peer connections by allowing a centralized router (RR) to redistribute IBGP routes to other IBGP peers (called clients). This eliminates the need for a full mesh, significantly reducing BGP session overhead.

By configuring the route-reflector-client setting on IBGP peers, an administrator can:

● Scale IBGP sessions by reducing the number of direct BGP peer connections.

● Optimize the routing table by ensuring routes are efficiently propagated within the IBGP network.

● Eliminate the need for full mesh topology, making IBGP more manageable.

Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 200 words of Explanation From Exact Extract of Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator documents:

According to the Fortinet Security Fabric 7.6 documentation and FortiAnalyzer study materials, when multiple FortiGate devices are part of a Security Fabric, logs are typically sent to a centralized FortiAnalyzer for a unified view of the network.

In the provided exhibit, the topology shows HQ-NGFW-1 as the Fabric Root and HQ-ISFW as a downstream device. One of the key benefits of the Security Fabric (Option C) is topology-wide visibility, where logs from different devices are correlated.

The traffic log table shows a "Malware" action for traffic originating from 10.0.2.51 (located behind HQ-ISFW) destined for a public IP. If UTM is not enabled on the HQ-ISFW itself, it cannot generate an Antivirus (AV) log. However, because HQ-ISFW is part of the Security Fabric, the traffic eventually passes through the upstream device, HQ-NGFW-1, to reach the internet. If UTM is enabled on HQ-NGFW-1 (Option B), that device will inspect the traffic, detect the malware, and generate the security log. FortiAnalyzer then displays this log as part of the unified threat view, associating it with the original source and the inspection point in the fabric path.

Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 200 words of Explanation From Exact Extract of Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator documents:

According to the FortiOS 7.6 Administration Guide and the FortiGate Infrastructure study materials, inter-VDOM communication can be achieved using either software-based VDOM links or hardware-accelerated NPU VDOM links (vlinks).

While standard VDOM links (Option B) allow traffic to pass between VDOMs, they are processed by the system CPU, which can become a bottleneck in high-throughput environments. To ensure accelerated internet access as specified in the requirements, NPU vlinks (Option C) must be used. NPU vlinks are virtual interfaces created in pairs that allow traffic to be offloaded to the FortiGate’s Network Processor (NP6, NP7, etc.), significantly reducing latency and CPU overhead.

In the provided exhibit, the root VDOM has direct internet access, while VDOM1 and VDOMn do not. By configuring NPU vlinks between the non-root VDOMs and the root VDOM, you create a hardware-accelerated path. Traffic from the internal VDOMs is sent through the vlink to the root VDOM, which then forwards it to the Internet. This "hub-and-spoke" VDOM architecture, powered by NPU acceleration, ensures that all VDOMs share the internet connection without sacrificing performance.