156-587 Exam Dumps - Checkpoint CCTE Questions and Answers

When a user space process crashes unexpectedly, the operating system often creates acore dumpfile. This file is a snapshot of the process's memory at the time of the crash, including information such as:

Program counter:This indicates where the program was executing when it crashed.

Stack pointer:This shows the function call stack, which can help trace the sequence of events leading to the crash.

Memory contents:This includes the values of variables and data structures used by the process.

Register values:This shows the state of the processor registers at the time of the crash.

Core dump files can be analyzed using debuggers like GDB to understand the cause of the crash.

Why other options are incorrect:

B. kernel_memory_dump dbg:This refers to a kernel memory dump, which is generated when the operating system kernel itself crashes.

C. core analyzer:This is a tool used to analyze core dump files, not the file itself.

D. coredebug:This is not a standard term for any type of crash dump file.

Check Point Troubleshooting References:

Check Point's documentation mentions core dumps in the context of troubleshooting various processes, such as fwd (firewall) and cpd (Check Point daemon). You can find information on enabling core dumps and analyzing them in the Check Point administration guides and knowledge base articles.

 The CPD process controls logging on the Security Management Server or the Log Server. It is responsible for receiving logs from the Security Gateways, storing them in the log files, and forwarding them to the SmartLog and SmartEvent servers. It also handles the communication with the SmartConsole clients and the CPM process. The CPD process runs on the Security Management Server or the Log Server as part of the Management High Availability module.

The main components of Check Point’s Security Management architecture are1:

Management server: This is the central component that manages the security policy, configuration, and licenses for the Security Gateways and other Check Point devices. It also provides the SmartConsole interface for the administrators to manage the security environment.

Management database: This is the database that stores the security policy, configuration, and objects for the Security Management Server. It also stores the logs and events from the Security Gateways and other Check Point devices.

Log server: This is the component that receives and stores the logs and events from the Security Gateways and other Check Point devices. It also provides the SmartLog and SmartEvent interfaces for the administrators to view, analyze, and manage the logs and events.

Automation server: This is the component that provides the REST API and the CLI for the administrators to automate and script the security management tasks.

1: (CCTE) - Check Point Software

The PDP process is the Identity server, which is a component of the Identity Awareness blade on the Security Gateway. The PDP process is responsible for collecting and managing identity information from various sources, such as Active Directory, Identity Agents, Captive Portal, Terminal Servers, and RADIUS. The PDP process also communicates with the PEP process, which is the Policy Enforcement Point, to enforce identity-based policies on the traffic passing throughthe Security Gateway1. The other options, such as Log Sifter, Captive Portal Service, andUserAuth Database, are either not related to Identity Awareness or not processes, but rather files or services. References: 1: sk93046: Identity Awareness - How to Configure

When a Security Gateway performs a URL lookup and the URL is not found in the local caches, a request for online categorization is necessary. This process involves the Resource Advisor Daemon (RAD), which has components in both kernel space and user space.

Based on descriptions of the URL Filtering categorization process (often cited in CCTE R81.20 materials):

A client (internal component, potentially the URLF Kernel Client or a similar kernel module handling the traffic) initiates a URL lookup.

The URL is first checked against kernel caches.

If the URL is not found in the kernel cache (a cache miss), the RAD kernel component is notified.

The client component then typically sends an asynchronous request to the RAD kernel component.

The RAD Kernel Space component is then responsible for forwarding this request to the RAD User Space module.

The RAD User Space module handles the actual online categorization, often by querying the URLF Online Service (Check Point's cloud-based categorization service).

The result is then returned, and the kernel cache is updated.

The question asks where the sync-request (or a request requiring immediate online lookup) is forwarded from. In this flow, the RAD Kernel Space acts as the intermediary that forwards the request from the initial kernel-level lookup mechanism to the user-space RAD process for further handling.

Supporting Information (derived from CCTE R81.20 related materials/discussions):

The typical flow for URL categorization when an online lookup is needed involves these steps:

"The kernel cache notifies the RAD kernel of hits and misses."

"The client sends an a-sync request back to RAD if the URL was not found." (This request goes to the RAD Kernel Space).

"The a-sync request is forwarded to the RAD User space via the RAD kernel for online categorization."

This indicates that the RAD Kernel (RAD Kernel Space) is the component that forwards the request to the RAD User Space.

Therefore, if a sync-request (a request needing immediate online lookup) is required, it is forwarded from the RAD Kernel Space to the RAD User Space.

Reference Context (based on CCTE R81.20 materials and general Check Point URL Filtering architecture):

Discussions and explanations related to Check Point Certified Troubleshooting Expert (CCTE) R81.20 curriculum often detail this RAD architecture. For example, study materials might state: "RAD has a kernel module that looks up the kernel cache, notifies client about hits and misses and forwards a-sync requests to RAD user space module which is responsible for online categorization." The 1 "RAD kernel module" corresponds to the RAD Kernel Space, and it is this component that performs the forwarding action to the RAD User Space.(Exact page numbers like "CCTE R81.20, p338/339" have been referenced in public CCTE exam discussions pointing to this flow)

 One possible solution to solve the issue of having a very large file that is difficult to open and analyze with standard text editors is to divide the debug information into smaller files. This can be done by using the fw ctl kdebug command with the -f, -o, -m, and -s options. The -f option means to write the debug output to a file instead of the screen. The -o option specifies the name of the output file. The -m option sets the maximum number of files to be created. The -s option sets the maximum size of each file in KB. For example, the command fw ctl kdebug -f -o debug -m 25 -s 1024 will create up to 25 files named debug.0, debug.1, …, debug.24, each with a maximum size of 1024KB. This way, the debug information can be split into more manageable chunks that can be opened and analyzed more easily with standard text editors.