DOP-C02 Exam Dumps - Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Professional Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

AWS Config has a managed rule called alb-waf-enabled that checks whether AWS WAF is enabled on ALBs. AWS Config supports automatic remediation actions that can be triggered when noncompliance is detected.

By creating a Systems Manager Automation document that adds AWS WAF to the ALB and associating it as the remediation action for the AWS Config rule, the system can automatically detect and remediate any removal of AWS WAF from ALBs without manual intervention.

This is the most operationally efficient and reliable approach to ensure continuous compliance.

Option B lacks automatic remediation. Options C and D rely on drift detection and Lambda, which add complexity and risk downtime during stack replacement.

https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/automatically-block-suspicious-traffic-with-aws-network-firewall-and-amazon-guardduty/

To meet the requirements of deploying a workload on several hundred EC2 instances with least-privilege permissions and temporary security credentials, the company should use an IAM role and an instance profile. An IAM role is a way to grant permissions to an entity that you trust, such as an EC2 instance. An instance profile is a container for an IAM role that you can use to pass role information to an EC2 instance when the instance starts. By using an IAM role and an instance profile, the EC2 instances can automatically receive temporary security credentials from the AWS Security Token Service (STS) and use them to access the S3 buckets. This way, the company does not need to manage or rotate any long-term credentials, such as IAM users or access keys.

To use an IAM role and an instance profile, the company should create an IAM role that has the appropriate permissions for S3 buckets. The permissions should allow the EC2 instances to read from the source S3 bucket and write to the destination S3 bucket. The company should also create a trust policy for the IAM role that specifies that EC2 is allowed to assume the role. Then, the company should add the IAM role to an instance profile. An instance profile can have only one IAM role, so the company does not need to create multiple roles or profiles for this scenario.

Next, the company should update the launch template to include the IAM instance profile. A launch template is a way to save launch parameters for EC2 instances, such as the instance type, security group, user data, and IAM instance profile. By using a launch template, the company can ensure that all EC2 instances in the Auto Scaling group have consistent configuration and permissions. The company should specify the name or ARN of the IAM instance profile in the launch template. This way, when the Auto Scaling group launches new EC2 instances based on the launch template, they will automatically receive the IAM role and its permissions through the instance profile.

The other options are not correct because they do not meet the requirements or follow best practices. Creating an IAM user and generating a secret key and token is not a good option because it involves managing long-term credentials that need to be rotated regularly. Moreover, embedding credentials in user data is not secure because user data is visible to anyone who can describe the EC2 instance. Creating a trust anchor and profile is not a valid option because trust anchors are used for certificate-based authentication, not for IAM roles or instance profiles. Modifying user data to use a new secret key and token is also not a good option because it requires updating user data every time the credentials change, which is not scalable or efficient.

1: AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Certification | AWS Certification | AWS

2: DevOps Resources - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

3: Exam Readiness: AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional

IAM Roles for Amazon EC2 - AWS Identity and Access Management

Working with Instance Profiles - AWS Identity and Access Management

Launching an Instance Using a Launch Template - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

Temporary Security Credentials - AWS Identity and Access Management

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/patch-manager-how-it-works-alt-source-repository.html

To implement failover for the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired RTO, the DevOps engineer should use the following solution:

Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. A CloudFront origin is the source of the content that CloudFront delivers to viewers. By creating a new origin for the secondary ALB, the DevOps engineer can configure CloudFront to route traffic to the secondary Region when the primary Region is unavailable1

Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. An origin group is a logical grouping of two origins: a primary origin and a secondary origin. By creating an origin group, the DevOps engineer can specify which origin CloudFront should use as a fallback when the primary origin fails. The DevOps engineer can also define which HTTP status codes should trigger a failover from the primary origin to the secondary origin. By setting the original ALB as the primary origin and configuring the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes, the DevOps engineer can ensure that CloudFront will switch to the secondary ALB when the primary ALB returns server errors2

Update the default behavior to use the origin group. A behavior is a set of rules that CloudFront applies when it receives requests for specific URLs or file types. The default behavior applies to all requests that do not match any other behaviors. By updating the default behavior to use the origin group, the DevOps engineer can enable failover routing for all requests that are sent to the distribution3

This solution will meet the requirements because it will automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region with zero-second RTO. When CloudFront receives an HTTP GET request, it will first try to route it to the primary ALB in the primary Region. If the primary ALB is healthy and returns a successful response, CloudFront will deliver it to the viewer. If the primary ALB is unhealthy or returns an HTTP 5xx status code, CloudFront will automatically route the request to the secondary ALB in the secondary Region and deliver its response to the viewer.

The other options are not correct because they either do not provide zero-second RTO or do not work as expected. Creating a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin and creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy is not a good option because it will introduce additional latency and complexity to the solution. Route 53 health checks and DNS propagation can take several minutes or longer, which means that viewers might experience delays or errors when accessing the application during a failover event. Creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs and setting the TTL of both records to O is not a valid option because it will not work with CloudFront distributions. Route 53 does not support health checks for alias records that point to CloudFront distributions, so it cannot detect if an ALB behind a distribution is healthy or not. Creating a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes and returns a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB is not a valid option because it will not provide zero-second RTO. A 307 Temporary Redirect error response tells viewers to retry their requests with a different URL, which means that viewers will have to make an additional request and wait for another response from CloudFront before reaching the secondary ALB.

1: Adding, Editing, and Deleting Origins - Amazon CloudFront

2: Configuring Origin Failover - Amazon CloudFront

3: Creating or Updating a Cache Behavior - Amazon CloudFront

This approach is the most operationally efficient because it leverages the benefits of containerization, such as isolation and reproducibility, as well as AWS managed services. AWS CodeBuild is a fully managed build service that can compile your source code, run tests, and produce deployable software packages. By using a custom Docker image that includes all dependencies, you can ensure that the environment in which your code is built is consistent. Using Amazon ECR to store Docker images lets you easily deploy the images to any environment. Also, you can directly upload the build artifacts to Amazon S3 from AWS CodeBuild, which is beneficial for version control and archival purposes.

The correct answer is B and C. Option B is correct because inviting the acquired company’s AWS accounts to join the organization and creating the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the invited accounts allows the management account to assume the role and gain full administrative access to the member accounts. Option C is correct because using AWS Security Hub to collect and group findings across all accounts enables the DevOps team to monitor and improve the security posture of the organization. Security Hub can automatically detect new accounts as the accounts are added to the organization and enable Security Hub for them. Option A is incorrect because creating an SCP that has full administrative privileges and attaching it to the management account does not grant the management account access to the member accounts. SCPs are used to restrict the permissions of the member accounts, not to grant permissions to the management account. Option D is incorrect because using AWS Firewall Manager to collect and group findings across all accounts is not a valid use case for Firewall Manager. Firewall Manager is used to centrally configure and manage firewall rules across the organization, not to collect and group security findings. Option E is incorrect because using Amazon Inspector to collect and group findings across all accounts is not a valid use case for Amazon Inspector. Amazon Inspector is used to assess the security and compliance of applications running on Amazon EC2 instances, not to collect and group security findings across accounts. References:

Inviting an AWS account to join your organization

Enabling and disabling AWS Security Hub

Service control policies

AWS Firewall Manager

Amazon Inspector

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Step A: Using a tool like CloudFormation resource import or IaC generator to scan and create a template from existing resources is efficient to bring current infrastructure under management.

Step C: Using CodeConnections (AWS's solution to connect Git repositories) with AWS CodePipeline ensures any changes to CloudFormation templates in the Git repo automatically deploy infrastructure changes, enforcing infrastructure as code workflows.

Step E: Creating an IAM role with CloudFormation as the principal ensures CloudFormation has permissions to manage resources. Using an SCP to deny all actions except by this role enforces strict control, preventing manual changes outside the pipeline.Option B uses AWS Config which is more for compliance and auditing, not direct resource import. Option D is invalid because CloudFormation does not natively sync with Git; CodePipeline does. Option F is less secure than denying all except the IAM role.