EMT Exam Dumps - NREMT Medical Technicians Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

An epidural hematoma classically presents with a “lucid interval” — a brief period of regained consciousness following head trauma, followed by rapid deterioration. This is due to arterial bleeding, often from the middle meningeal artery, leading to increasing intracranial pressure.

Signs include:

High blood pressure

Decreasing respiratory rate

Altered LOC or unresponsiveness

Subdural hemorrhages are slower venous bleeds, common in elderly patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage often presents with "worst headache of life." Intracerebral bleeds are less commonly linked to lucid intervals.

NREMT hemorrhage-control education emphasizes wound packing for severe external bleeding that cannot be controlled with direct pressure or a tourniquet, particularly in junctional areas. Junctional areas are regions where tourniquets are ineffective due to proximity to the torso.

Option B (Left axilla) is correct. The axilla is a classic junctional site where major vessels are present and tourniquets cannot be applied effectively.

Option A (Left hip) is correct because wounds near the inguinal region are considered junctional and are appropriate for wound packing.

Option C (Left shoulder) is also considered a junctional area where wound packing may be used if bleeding is severe and not amenable to tourniquet placement.

Option D (Right temple) is incorrect because wound packing is contraindicated in the skull.

Option E (Right forearm) is incorrect because tourniquets are preferred on extremities.

Option F (Right upper abdominal quadrant) is incorrect because wound packing is not performed in the abdominal cavity.

NREMT stresses early hemorrhage control as a top trauma priority due to preventable death from bleeding.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

These symptoms are classic for endometriosis, where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Symptoms often include:

Pelvic pain

Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea)

Painful bowel movements or intercourse

Spontaneous abortion does not apply here due to lack of pregnancy. Premature menopause is rare at this age and presents differently. Infection is less likely in the absence of recent sexual activity or fever.

Personal injury prevention supplies are designed to protect EMS providers from physical injuries, rather than infection.

Option C (Pair of leather gloves) is correct because leather gloves protect against cuts, abrasions, and puncture injuries during rescue operations such as vehicle extrication.

Option D (N95 respirator) is personal protective equipment (PPE) for infection control, not injury prevention.

Option A and B are related to biohazard handling and decontamination.

NREMT differentiates PPE from injury-prevention equipment to ensure proper risk management.

NREMT legal education differentiates between slander and libel, both forms of defamation.

Option D (Libel) is correct because libel involves false written statements that harm a person’s reputation. In this scenario, the partner’s written claim falsely attributes improper treatment to you.

Option A (Slander) refers to spoken false statements.

Option B (Malice) describes intent, not a legal category of defamation.

Option C (Battery) is unlawful physical contact with a patient.

Understanding legal terminology helps EMTs protect themselves professionally and legally.

Within the Incident Command System (ICS), the Treatment Supervisor is responsible for overseeing patient care after initial triage has been completed. NREMT instruction clearly differentiates roles to prevent confusion and maintain efficiency.

Option D is correct because the treatment supervisor ensures that secondary triage is completed in the treatment area, allowing patients to be reassessed and reprioritized as their conditions change.

Option A is incorrect because triage personnel are managed by the Triage Supervisor.

Option B is the responsibility of Staging under Logistics.

Option C falls under the Transport Supervisor.

NREMT emphasizes strict role adherence during MCIs to ensure patient flow and resource coordination.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):

Sudden respiratory symptoms following prolonged cleaning strongly suggest chemical inhalation, particularly from cleaning agents such as ammonia or bleach. Mixing chemicals or using them in poorly ventilated areas can release toxic gases that cause coughing, nausea, and dyspnea.

Option D is correct because inhaled chemical irritants commonly cause acute respiratory distress that improves with oxygen therapy.

Option A typically causes chronic symptoms, not sudden onset.

Option B does not cause respiratory distress.

Option C does not explain the environmental exposure or oxygen response.

NREMT emphasizes recognizing environmental hazards and removing patients from the source while providing supportive care.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In patients with asthma experiencing respiratory failure, improper ventilation (especially excessive rates) can lead to air trapping and increased intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and worsening hypotension. The correct technique is to ventilate slowly to allow full exhalation — around 1 breath every 5–6 seconds for adults.

CPAP is contraindicated in unresponsive patients who cannot maintain their own airway. A non-rebreather mask would be insufficient for an unresponsive patient, and forceful ventilation risks barotrauma.

Pericardial tamponade is a life-threatening condition often associated with blunt or penetrating chest trauma. NREMT instruction highlights that tamponade occurs when blood accumulates in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart and impairing cardiac output.

Option D is correct because patients with pericardial tamponade often present with increased work of breathing, hypoxia, and clear lung sounds, as the problem is cardiac rather than pulmonary. Decreasing oxygen saturation results from reduced cardiac output and poor tissue perfusion.

Option B is incorrect because tension pneumothorax typically presents with absent or diminished lung sounds on one side.

Option C usually produces crackles or signs of lung injury rather than clear lung sounds.

Option A is rare and usually associated with severe vomiting or penetrating trauma.

Early recognition of tamponade and rapid transport are critical per NREMT trauma care priorities.

This patient’s presentation—older age, severe back pain radiating to the chest, hypotension, and a pulsating abdominal mass—is highly suggestive of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). NREMT teaching stresses early recognition of life-threatening medical conditions and avoiding interventions that could worsen the patient’s condition.

Option A (Position of comfort) is correct because patients with suspected AAA should be kept calm and positioned in a way that minimizes pain and stress, which can reduce sympathetic stimulation and the risk of aneurysm rupture.

Option D (Supplemental oxygen) is correct because the patient’s SpO₂ is 89%, indicating hypoxia. NREMT guidelines recommend administering oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation in critically ill or potentially unstable patients.

Option B is incorrect because AED pads are not indicated unless the patient is in cardiac arrest or has a high risk of imminent arrest. There is no evidence of dysrhythmia or arrest at this time.

Option C is incorrect because aspirin is indicated for suspected acute coronary syndromes, not AAA. Aspirin could worsen internal bleeding if the aneurysm ruptures.

Option E is incorrect because nitroglycerin can cause vasodilation and hypotension, potentially precipitating aneurysm rupture.

In summary, NREMT emphasizes supportive care, oxygenation, and rapid transport for suspected AAA while avoiding medications that increase bleeding risk or lower blood pressure.