GSNA Exam Dumps - GIAC Audit GSNA Questions and Answers

The Unix utility sed (stream editor) is a text editing tool that can be used to edit text files without having to open them. This utility parses text files and implements a programming language which can apply textual transformations to such files. It reads input files line by line (sequentially), applying the operation which has been specified via the command line (or a sed script), and then outputs the line. Answer: D is incorrect. The more command is used to view (but not modify) the contents of a text file on the terminal screen at a time. The syntax of the more command is as follows: more [options] file_name Where,

C:\Documents and Settings\user-nwz\Desktop\1.JPG

Answer: A is incorrect. The less command is used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file, one screen at a time. It is similar to the more command. However, it has the extended capability of allowing both forwarB, Dackward navigation through the file. Unlike most Unix text editors/viewers, less does not need to read the entire file before starting; therefore, it has faster load times with large files. The command syntax of the less command is as follows: less [options] file_name Where,

C:\Documents and Settings\user-nwz\Desktop\1.JPG

Answer: C is incorrect. The vi editor is an interactive, cryptic, and screen-based text editor used to create and edit a file. It operates in either Input mode or Command mode. In Input mode, the vi editor accepts a keystroke as text and displays it on the screen, whereas in Command mode, it interprets keystrokes as commands. As the vi editor is case sensitive, it interprets the same character or characters as different commands, depending upon whether the user enters a lowercase or uppercase character. When a user starts a new session with vi, he must put the editor in Input mode by pressing the "I" key. If he is not able to see the entered text on the vi editor's screen, it means that he has not put the editor in Insert mode. The user must change the editor to Input mode before entering any text so that he can see the text he has entered.

The auditor of a Cisco router should be familiar with the variety of privilege modes. The current privilege mode can be quickly identified by looking at the current router prompt. The prime modes of a Cisco router are as follows: #Nonprivileged mode: router> #Priviledged mode: router# #Global configuration mode: router(config)# #Interface configuration mode: router(config-if)# #ACL configuration mode: router(config-ext-nacl)# #Boot loader mode: router(boot) #Remote connectivity config mode: router(config-line)#

In the TCP FTP proxy (bounce attack) scanning, a scanner connects to an FTP server and requests that server to start data transfer to the third system. Now, the scanner uses the PORT FTP command to declare whether or not the data transfer process is listening to the target system at the certain port number. Then the scanner uses LIST FTP command to list the current directory. This result is sent over the server. If the data transfer is successful, it is clear that the port is open. If the port is closed, the attacker receives the connection refused ICMP error message. Answer: A is incorrect. Xmas Tree scanning is just the opposite of null scanning. In Xmas Tree scanning, all packets are turned on. If the target port is open, the service running on the target port discards the packets without any reply. According to RFC 793, if the port is closed, the remote system replies with the RST packet. Active monitoring of all incoming packets can help system network administrators detect an Xmas Tree scan. Answer: B is incorrect. TCP FIN scanning is a type of stealth scanning, through which the attacker sends a FIN packet to the target port. If the port is closed, the victim assumes that this packet was sent mistakenly by the attacker and sends the RST packet to the attacker. If the port is open, the FIN packet will be ignored and the port will drop that packet. TCP FIN scanning is useful only for identifying ports of non Windows operating system because Windows operating systems send only RST packets irrespective of whether the port is open or closed. Answer: C is incorrect. TCP SYN scanning is also known as half-open scanning because in this a full TCP connection is never opened. The steps of TCP SYN scanning are as follows: 1.The attacker sends SYN packet to the target port. 2.If the port is open, the attacker receives SYN/ACK message. 3.Now the attacker breaks the connection by sending an RST packet. 4.If the RST packet is received, it indicates that the port is closed. This type of scanning is hard to trace because the attacker never establishes a full 3-way handshake connection and most sites do not create a log of incomplete TCP connections.

According to the question, you highest priority is to scan the Web applications for vulnerability.

According to the scenario, you will use the wc -c file1.txt 2>error.txt command to accomplish the task. The 2> operator is an error redirector, which, while running a command, redirects the error (if it exists) on the specified file. Answer: B, D are incorrect. The > or 1> redirector can be used to redirect the output of the wc -c file1.txt file to the error.txt file; however, you want to write the errors in the error.txt file, not the whole output. Answer: A is incorrect. The >> operator will redirect the output of the command in the same manner as the > or 1> operator. Although the >> operator will not overwrite the error.txt file, it will append the error.txt file.

NetStumbler is a Windows-based tool that is used for the detection of wireless LANs using the IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g standards. The main features of NetStumbler are as follows: It displays the signal strength of a wireless network, MAC address, SSID, channel details, etc. It is commonly used for the following purposes: a.War driving b.Detecting unauthorized access points c.Detecting causes of interference on a WLAN d.WEP ICV error tracking e.Making Graphs and Alarms on 802.11 Data, including Signal Strength

Answer: D is incorrect. Kismet is an IEEE 802.11 layer2 wireless network detector, sniffer, and intrusion detection system. Answer: A is incorrect. THC-Scan is a war-dialing tool. Answer: C is incorrect. Absinthe is an automated SQL injection tool.

A switch with a management port using a default user account permits an attacker to intrude inside by making connections using one or more of the well-known default user accounts (e.g., administrator, root, security). Therefore, the default account settings should not be used. Answer: A is incorrect. The unused management ports on a switch should always be blocked to prevent port scanning attacks from the attackers. Answer: B is incorrect. Setting similar passwords on all management ports increases the vulnerability of password cracking. The matching passwords on all ports can be used by the attacker to break into all ports once the password of one of the ports is known. Answer: C is incorrect. Short timeout sessions should always be set to reduce the session period. If the connections to a management port on a switch do not have a timeout period set or have a large timeout period (greater than 9 minutes), then the connections will be more available for an attacker to hijack them.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a client/server TCP/IP protocol used on the World Wide Web (WWW) to display Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. For example, when a client application or browser sends a request to the server using HTTP commands, the server responds with a message containing the protocol version, success or failure code, server information, and body content, depending on the request. HTTP uses TCP port 80 as the default port. Answer: B is incorrect. Port 443 is the default port for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) and Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Answer: A, D are incorrect. By default, FTP server uses TCP port 20 for data transfer and TCP port 21 for session control.

The default IP packet filter allows HTTP protocol (for non-secure communication) at port 80 to access the Internet. However, to allow users to access secure Web sites, you will have to create an additional packet filter to allow communication on port 443.