PTCE Exam Dumps - PTCB CPhT Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors)are medications thatrelax blood vesselsandlower blood pressure. Drugs in this class typically end in "-pril" (e.g.,Lisinopril, Enalapril, Ramipril).

????Explanation of Answer Choices:✅C. ACE inhibitors→Correct.These lowerblood pressure and reduce strain on the heart.❌A. Beta blockers→ Incorrect.End in "-olol" (e.g., Metoprolol, Propranolol), reduce heart rate.❌B. Calcium channel blockers→ Incorrect.End in "-dipine" (e.g., Amlodipine, Nifedipine), lower blood pressure differently.❌D. Statins→ Incorrect.End in "-statin" (e.g., Atorvastatin, Simvastatin), used for cholesterol, not blood pressure.

????Reference:

American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines

FDA Drug Classification Database

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

Pseudoephedrine(Sudafed) is asympathomimetic decongestantthat causesvasoconstrictionand canincrease blood pressure.

????Explanation of Answer Choices:✅B. Hypertension→Correct.Pseudoephedrinecan cause arise in blood pressure, so it should be used cautiously in patients withhypertension.❌A. Asthma→ Incorrect.Pseudoephedrine does not directly worsen asthma, but it may cause mild bronchodilation.❌C. Hypokalemia→ Incorrect.Pseudoephedrine does not affect potassium levels.❌D. Eczema→ Incorrect. Eczema is unrelated topseudoephedrine use.

????Reference:

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (CMEA) Regulations

American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines on Hypertension

Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are light- and moisture-sensitive, requiring storage in tight, light-resistant containers. Removing them from their original glass container can compromise potency. Therefore, they must always be dispensed in the original container provided by the manufacturer.

According to USP Packaging and Storage Requirements and Mosby’s Pharmacy Technician:

“Nitroglycerin SL tablets lose potency quickly when exposed to air or light. Do not repackage; dispense only in manufacturer-supplied container.”

Other options do not require original container for stability:

Methotrexate – may be repackaged

Metoprolol XL – stable in unit-dose or amber vials

Allopurinol – routine packaging allowed

Norethindrone is a synthetic progestin hormone found in oral contraceptives.

Hormones and chemotherapy drugs must be disposed of as hazardous pharmaceutical waste per EPA and USP <800> guidelines.

????Reference:EPA Hazardous Drug Disposal Regulations, USP <800> Hazardous Drug List.

Aricept (Donepezil) is a cholinesterase inhibitorused for treatingmild, moderate, or severe Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Itworks by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain, improving memory and cognitive function.

FDA-approved for all stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

B. Azilect❌→Used for Parkinson’s disease, not Alzheimer's.

Azilect (Rasagiline) is a monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitorthat helps manage Parkinson’s symptoms but is not indicated for dementia.

C. Ambien❌→Used for insomnia, not Alzheimer's dementia.

Ambien (Zolpidem) is a sedative-hypnotic for sleep disordersand does not treat cognitive decline.

D. Atacand❌→Used for hypertension, not dementia.

Atacand (Candesartan) is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

FDA Approved Uses for Donepezil (Aricept)– Confirms its indication for all stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s Association Treatment Guidelines– Listscholinesterase inhibitors as first-line therapy for dementia.

PTCB PTCE Exam Content Outline– Covers pharmacologic treatments for cognitive disorders.

Why Not the Other Options?Key References:

According to USP <1079> Good Storage and Distribution Practices, the most accurate source for determining proper storage conditions of a medication is the manufacturer's label or package insert, which contains specific temperature and humidity requirements (e.g., refrigeration, protection from light). This information is required by FDA labeling regulations and is essential for maintaining drug stability and potency.

Additionally, the Mosby’s Pharmacy Technician Review Guide states:

“Storage requirements should always be verified using the product’s official labeling or manufacturer’s monograph, as these contain validated stability data.”

Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressant that can cause severe birth defects, requiring a REMS program to ensure patient safety.

????Reference:FDA REMS Drug List, PTCE Study Guide.

Repatha (evolocumab) is a PCSK9 inhibitor used for lowering LDL cholesterol. One of its common side effects includes musculoskeletal pain, such as muscle aches and cramps. According to the FDA package insert for Repatha, clinical trials observed arthralgia, myalgia, and back pain as notable adverse events.

In contrast:

Requip (ropinirole) may cause dizziness or nausea.

Restasis (cyclosporine ophthalmic) causes eye irritation.

Restoril (temazepam) is associated with sedation.

Lisinopril is anangiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, commonly used forhypertension (high blood pressure)andheart failure. A well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors is apersistent dry, hacking cough.

The cough is caused bybradykinin accumulation, which occurs due to ACE inhibition.

This coughdoes not respond to cough suppressantsand can be bothersome for patients.

If the cough is severe, thepharmacist may recommend switching to an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) such as losartan, which does not cause this side effect.

B. Purchase fexofenadine for seasonal allergies❌→ No significant interaction between lisinopril and fexofenadine.

C. Mention that they have lowered their cholesterol❌→ Cholesterol levels do not affect lisinopril’s mechanism of action.

D. Report that their blood pressure has been normal lately❌→ This is expected with effective treatment and does not require pharmacist intervention unless the patient wants to discontinue the medication.

PTCB PTCE Exam Content Outline– Covers drug interactions, side effects, and patient counseling.

American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines– Lists ACE inhibitor side effects, including dry cough.

FDA Lisinopril Medication Guide– Mentions dry cough as a common adverse effect requiring pharmacist consultation.

Why is the Cough Significant?Why Not the Other Options?Key References:

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)is anSNRI antidepressantoften confused withparoxetine (Paxil), another SSRI antidepressantdue tosimilar names andoverlapping indications.

????Reference:ISMP List of Look-Alike, Sound-Alike (LASA) Medications.