CAS-004 Exam Dumps - CompTIA CASP Questions and Answers

Deploying SOAR (Security Orchestration Automation and Response) utilities and runbooks is the best technique for automating the process of restoring nominal performance on a legacy satellite link due to degraded modes of operation caused by deprecated hardware and software.

Preparation is the process that can be used to identify potential prevention recommendations after a security incident, such as a ransomware attack. Preparation involves planning and implementing security measures to prevent or mitigate future incidents, such as by updating policies, procedures, or controls, conducting training or awareness campaigns, or acquiring new tools or resources. Detection is the process of discovering or identifying security incidents, not preventing them. Remediation is the process of containing or resolving security incidents, not preventing them. Recovery is the process of restoring normal operations after security incidents, not preventing them. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-incident-response https://partners.comptia.org/docs/default-source/resources/casp-content-guide

The root cause of this issue is that the iOS keychain imported only the client public and private keys, but not the CA certificate. A PKCS#12 file (.p12 or .pfx) is a file format that contains a certificate and its private key, optionally protected by a password. A PKCS#12 file can also contain intermediate certificates or root certificates that are needed to verify the certificate chain. However, when importing a PKCS#12 file into the iOS keychain, only the certificate and its private key are imported, not the CA certificate. This means that the iOS device cannot verify the authenticity of the certificate, and displays the error message “mbedTLS: ca certificate undefined”. To fix this issue, the CA certificate needs to be imported separately into the iOS keychain, either manually or using a configuration profile. Verified References:

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/devicemanagement/certificatepkcs12

https://support.apple.com/guide/deployment/distribute-certificates-depcdc9a6a3f/web

https://openvpn.net/faq/how-do-i-use-a-client-certificate-and-private-key-from-the-ios-keychain/

Hardening the engineering workstations using a consistent strategy would have the greatest impact on reducing the attack surface. The workstations are running outdated and unsupported operating systems, with no security controls, and inconsistent software installations, which significantly increases the risk of exploitation. Hardening involves applying patches, reducing unnecessary software, disabling unused services, and ensuring uniform security controls across all systems. By addressing these vulnerabilities and inconsistencies, the overall security posture improves significantly, which aligns with CASP+ best practices on reducing attack surfaces by standardizing and securing endpoint configurations.

The netstat -tulpn command is used to display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. The -tulpn options specifically show TCP and UDP connections with the process ID and the name that is listening on each port,which would provide the necessary information to identify if FTP is running and on which port without turning the service off. This information can then be used to create a precise firewall rule to prevent the FTP service from being exploited.

A risk-based threat modeling approach is the best recommendation to prevent the recurrence of major process issues during the development lifecycle. Threat modeling identifies potential security threats, vulnerabilities, and design flaws early in the development process by focusing on the specific risks posed to the system. By proactively identifying and addressing security concerns before they escalate, the development team can avoid the need for significant rewrites and ensure that security is embedded into the design of new projects. CASP+ emphasizes threat modeling as a critical activity to improve secure development practices.

Fuzz testing, or fuzzing, is a software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as input to a computer program. The program is then monitored for exceptions such as crashes, or failing built-in code assertions or for potential memory leaks. This type of testing can help identify security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious inputs.

In the context of legal proceedings, "material" evidence refers to evidence that is relevant and has a significant impact on the case at hand. For digital evidence to be admissible in court, it must be material, meaning it must relate directly to the case and contribute to proving or disproving a key aspect of the case. Material evidence helps establish the facts and is crucial for the court's decision-making process.

Chain of custody is critical in legal contexts as it documents the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of evidence. If the chain of custody is broken, it means there is a possibility that the evidence could have been tampered with or compromised, which can lead to it being deemed inadmissible in court.

To protect DNS from on-path attacks and ensure that zone transfers are mutually authenticated and secure, the security architect should configure DNSSEC and Public keys. DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) provides protection against DNS spoofing by digitally signing DNS data to ensure its integrity. Public keys are crucial for mutual authentication during zone transfers, ensuring that only authorized parties can exchange DNS zone data. Together, these options help meet both the requirements of securing DNS queries and authenticating zone transfers with cryptographic integrity.

Comprehensive and Detailed in-Depth Explanation:

Problem Statement:

The organization needs tosecure legacy systemswhile maintaininginterconnectivitywith deployed assets.

Legacy systems are inherentlyvulnerableand canpose risksif directly connected to critical infrastructure.

Thegoalis to minimize risks withoutbreaking connectivity.

Why the Correct Answer is D (Screened Subnet):

Ascreened subnet(often called aDMZ - Demilitarized Zone) is anetwork segmentthat isolates potentially risky systems from theinternal network.

It is typically placedbetween two firewalls:

One firewall separates the DMZ from theexternal network (internet).

The other firewall isolates the DMZ from theinternal network.

This setup allowscontrolled communicationbetween legacy systems and internal assets while minimizing risk.

Key Benefits of a Screened Subnet:

Isolation:Separates legacy systems from the critical internal network.

Controlled Access:Usesfirewall rulesto restrictinbound and outbound traffic.

Reduced Attack Surface:Limits the potential impact of acompromised legacy system.

Interconnectivity Maintenance:Enables communication withdeployed assetswithout direct exposure.

Example Scenario:

A company haslegacy industrial control systems (ICS)that need to interact withmodern monitoring tools.

Placing the ICS within ascreened subnetensures:

Data flow is regulated.

Monitoring systems can still accessICS data without risking full network exposure.

Compromise of thelegacy systemdoes not automatically mean compromise of thecore network.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Software-defined networking (SDN):

SDN enablesdynamic network configuration, but it does not inherentlyisolate risky legacy systems.

While it can segment traffic, it is primarily used fornetwork flexibilityandmanagement, not isolation.

B. Containerization:

Containersisolate applications, but legacy systems often run ondedicated hardware or old OS environmentsthat are not container-compatible.

This approach does not meet the requirement of keeping thesystems interconnected.

C. Air gap:

Anair gapcompletelyisolates systems from any network.

This solutionbreaks interconnectivity, making itimpracticalfor the given requirement.

Ideal forhigh-security environmentsbut not whenintercommunicationis needed.

Real-World Example:

A healthcare organization haslegacy medical devicesthat must communicate with thepatient management system.

Placing these devices in ascreened subnetallows them to interact while beingisolatedfrom thecore hospital network, minimizingcyber risk.

Visual Representation:

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[Internet]

|

[Firewall 1]

|

[Screened Subnet/DMZ]

/ | \

[Legacy System 1] [Legacy System 2] [Monitoring Server]

|

[Firewall 2]

|

[Internal Network]

Thescreened subnetacts as abuffer zone, ensuringcontrolled communicationbetween the legacy systems and the internal network.

Extract from CompTIA SecurityX CAS-005 Study Guide:

TheCompTIA SecurityX CAS-005 Official Study Guideadvises using ascreened subnet (DMZ)when isolatinglegacy systemsthat still requirenetwork connectivity. The guide emphasizes that this approach significantlyreduces riskby minimizing theattack surfacewhile maintaining necessaryinter-system communication.

Comprehensive and Detailed Step by Step Explanation:

The issue stems from Web Server C's new IP (10.2.0.92) not being included in thefirewall rules.

To resolve the issue,modify the firewall rules to include the new IP range(e.g., 10.2.0.0/26) rather than adding a specific host rule, ensuring scalability and simplicity.

Changing inbound or outbound security group rules would still miss the underlying issue of omitted IPs.

Reconfiguring the IP is unnecessary when updating firewall rules is sufficient.

Embedded facility automation systems are often difficult to upgrade because they are constrained by available compute. These systems typically have limited processing power, memory, and storage, which restricts the ability to implement modern security measures, such as encryption, software updates, or advanced security controls. Security engineers may be unable to apply patches or updates without exceeding the system’s capacity. CASP+ discusses the challenges posed by resource-constrained devices, particularly in embedded systems and IoT environments, where upgrading security can be difficult due to hardware limitations.