Exactprep CAS-004 Questions

In a shared responsibility model for PaaS, the customer’s responsibility is OS security. PaaS stands for Platform as a Service, which is a cloud service model that provides a platform for customers to develop, run, and manage applications without having to deal with the underlying infrastructure. The cloud provider is responsible for the physical security, network security, and host infrastructure of the platform, while the customer is responsible for the security of the operating system, the application, and the data. The customer needs to ensure that the operating system is patched, configured, and protected from malware and unauthorized access. Verified References:

• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/shared-responsibility
• https://www.techtarget.com/searchcloudcomputing/feature/The-cloud-shared-responsibility-model-for-IaaS-PaaS-and-SaaS
• https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/learn/shared-responsibility-model.html

OS credential dumping is the process of obtaining account login and password information, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password, from the operating system and software. System information discovery is the process of gathering information about the system, such as hostname, IP address, OS version, running processes, etc. Both of these techniques are commonly used by adversaries to gain access to sensitive data and resources on the target system. The command shown in the image is using Mimikatz, a tool that can dump credentials from memory, and also querying the system information using WMIC. Verified References:

• https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/
• https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082/
• https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wmisdk/wmic

Purchasing one wildcard certificate is the best solution to protect multiple websites hosted by an organization in a cloud-hosted WAF. A wildcard certificate is a type of SSL/TLS certificate that can secure a domain name and any number of its subdomains with a single certificate. For example, a wildcard certificate for *.mycompany.com can secure www.mycompany.com, campus.mycompany.com, and any other subdomain under mycompany.com. A wildcard certificate can save costs and simplify management compared to purchasing individual certificates for each website.

References: [CompTIA CASP+ Study Guide, Second Edition, page 301]

The company should use HMAC SHA256 as a cryptographic technique to ensure that packets received between two parties have not been tampered with and the connection remains private. HMAC stands for hash-based message authentication code, which is a method of generating a message authentication code using a cryptographic hash function and a secret key. HMAC can provide both integrity and authenticity of the packets, as well as resistance to replay attacks. SHA256 is a specific hash function that produces a 256-bit output. SHA256 is considered secure and widely used in various cryptographic applications. Verified References:

• https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2021/7/cryptography-and-privacy-protecting-private-data
• https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cryptography/special_issues/Preserve_Enhance_Privacy
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11432-021-3393-x