Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Exam Dumps - WGU NDE Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Waterfall methodology is a linear, sequential approach to software development, with distinct phases: requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), the design phase in Waterfall produces technical specifications, including architectural decisions like the programming paradigm.

Waterfall Design Phase:

Translates requirements into a detailed blueprint for implementation.

Deliverables include system architecture, data models, programming paradigm (e.g., object-oriented, procedural), and module specifications.

Option A: "The programming paradigm to be used." This is correct. During the design phase, the team decides on the programming paradigm (e.g., object-oriented for Java, procedural for C) to structure the application, as this guides implementation. This is a key deliverable.

Option B: "A list of additional features to be added during revision." This is incorrect. Additional features are identified during requirements analysis or later maintenance phases, not design.

Option C: "A report of customer satisfaction." This is incorrect. Customer satisfaction reports are generated during or after deployment (maintenance phase), not design.

Option D: "A written description of the goals for the project." This is incorrect. Project goals are defined during the requirements analysis phase, not design.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Waterfall Methodology).

Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 2: Waterfall Model).

Pressman, R.S., Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 8th Edition (Waterfall Design Phase).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a condition is true, making it suitable for tasks requiring iteration until a condition changes. According to foundational programming principles, while loops are ideal for scenarios with an unknown number of iterations or conditional repetition.

Option A: "When the user inputs a number, the program outputs 'True' when the number is a multiple of 10." This is incorrect. This task requires a single check (number % 10 == 0), which can be done with an if statement, not a loop.

Option B: "The user inputs an integer, and the program prints out whether the number is even or odd and whether the number is positive, negative, or zero." This is incorrect. This task involves a single input and multiple conditional checks, handled by if statements, not a loop.

Option C: "After inputting two numbers, the program prints out the larger of the two." This is incorrect. Comparing two numbers requires a single if statement (e.g., if (a > b)), not a loop.

Option D: "A user is asked to enter a password repeatedly until either a correct password is entered or five attempts have been made." This is correct. This task requires repeated input until a condition is met (correct password or five attempts), which is ideal for a while loop. For example, in Python:

attempts = 0

while attempts < 5 and input("Password: ") != "correct":

attempts += 1

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Control Structures: Loops).

Python Documentation: “While Statements” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#while).

W3Schools: “C While Loop” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_while_loop.php).

One of the fundamental characteristics of object-oriented programming (OOP) is the concept of decomposing a program into objects that interact with one another1. This is distinct from procedural and functional programming paradigms, which do not inherently structure programs as a collection of objects. In OOP, objects are instances of classes and contain both data (attributes) and code (methods). These objects encapsulate data and operations and can interact with each other through methods, allowing for concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation12.

In contrast, procedural programming is characterized by a focus on procedures or routines to perform tasks, and functional programming treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions without side effects or state changes2. Neither paradigm organizes code around objects with encapsulated data and methods, which is a defining feature of OOP1.

The flowchart provided in the image represents a decision-making process based on the input value. Given the input of 305, we follow the flowchart’s decision paths. The first decision checks if the input is less than 200, which 305 is not, so we move to the next decision point. The second decision asks if the input is greater than 300. Since 305 is greater than 300, we follow the path for ‘yes’ which leads us to the output “Interview”. Therefore, the correct output for the input 305 according to the flowchart is “Interview”.

The operators used for checking divisibility are the division (/) and modulus (%) operators. The division operator (/) returns the quotient of the division, and if the quotient is a whole number without any remainder, then the number is divisible by the divisor. The modulus operator (%) returns the remainder of the division, and if the remainder is zero, it indicates that the number is divisible by the divisor. These operators are fundamental in programming for performing arithmetic operations and are widely supported across different programming languages.

The use of these operators is based on standard arithmetic operations and their implementation in programming languages, which is a foundational concept in advanced scripting and programming1234.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Miles per gallon (MPG) is calculated as miles traveled divided by gallons consumed, typically resulting in a decimal value (e.g., 25.5 MPG). According to foundational programming principles, MPG should be a variable (as it is computed and may change) and a floating-point type to handle decimals.

Option A: "Variable float milesTraveled." This is incorrect. While miles traveled may be a float variable, the question asks for the declaration of MPG, not miles traveled.

Option B: "Constant float milesPerGallon." This is incorrect. MPG is calculated and may vary with different inputs, so it should be a variable, not a constant (const).

Option C: "Constant float milesTraveled." This is incorrect. The question focuses on MPG, not miles traveled, and constants are inappropriate for computed values.

Option D: "Variable float milesPerGallon." This is correct. MPG requires a float to store decimal values (e.g., 22.7) and a variable to allow updates based on new calculations. For example, in C: float milesPerGallon = miles / gallons;.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Variables and Data Types).

Python Documentation: “Floating Point Arithmetic” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/floatingpoint.html).

W3Schools: “C Data Types” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_data_types.php).

A function definition is the blueprint for a block of code designed to perform a specific task. Here's what it includes:

Function Name: A unique name to identify and call the function (e.g., calculate_area).

Inputs (Parameters/Arguments): Values or variables passed into the function when it's called (e.g., width, height).

Outputs (Return Value): The result the function produces after processing (e.g., the calculated area). This value may or may not be explicitly returned.

Statements (Function Body): Contains the code that performs the actions and calculations within the function.

The Waterfall Model is a sequential design process used in software development, where progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through several phases like a waterfall. In the context of the question, describing the objects and functions in a program that compresses files before splitting the objects involves two specific phases:

Design Phase: This is where the system’s architecture, components, interfaces, and data are all defined. The team would design the objects and functions necessary for the file compression program during this phase.

Implementation (or Development) Phase: Following the design, the actual code is written during the implementation phase. The objects and functions described in the design phase are created and tested to ensure they work as intended.

These two phases are critical in the Waterfall approach for transitioning from an abstract understanding of the problem to a concrete implementation in code. The analysis phase is more about understanding the problem and requirements, while testing is a separate phase that comes after implementation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Markup languages, such as HTML and XML, are designed to structure and format content, not to perform computation or execute algorithms. According to foundational programming principles, this focus on describing content distinguishes markup languages from programming languages.

Option A: "It supports decomposing programs into custom types that often combine with other variable types into more concepts." This is incorrect. Markup languages do not support programming concepts like custom types or variable combinations. They focus on tagging content (e.g.,

for paragraphs).

Option B: "It allows variables to change type during execution." This is incorrect. Markup languages are not programming languages and do not involve variables or execution. Typing (dynamic or static) is irrelevant to markup languages.

Option C: "It requires fewer variables and variable conversions than other languages because the types can change during execution." This is incorrect. Markup languages do not use variables or support execution, so the concept of variable conversions or dynamic typing does not apply.

Option D: "It does not perform complex algorithms, but instead describes the content and formatting of webpages and other documents." This is correct. Markup languages like HTML and XML are used to define the structure and presentation of content (e.g., webpages, documents) without executing algorithms or performing computations.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “HTML Basics” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics).

Interpreted languages are designed to be executed one statement at a time by an interpreter. This allows for immediate execution and feedback, which is useful for debugging and interactive use. Unlike compiled languages, interpreted languages do not generate machine code prior to execution, and they do not produce syntax errors during compilation because there is no compilation step. They are not restricted to one machine, as the interpreter can be implemented on various systems, and they do not require the programmer to write machine code.