Complete CLO-002 CompTIA Materials

Geo-redundancy and backup are two methods that can ensure the availability of data that is accessed across multiple sites. Geo-redundancy is the practice of storing data in more than one geographic location, such as different regions, countries, or continents. This can improve the data availability by reducing the impact of natural disasters, network failures, or malicious attacks that may affect one site. Geo-redundancy can also improve the data performance by allowing users to access the data from the nearest or fastest site. Backup is the process of creating and storing copies of data that can be used to restore the original data in case of data loss, corruption, or deletion. Backup can ensure the data availability by providing a way to recover the data from a previous state, such as before a hardware failure, software error, or human error. Backup can also protect the data from accidental or intentional modifications that may compromise its integrity or security.

Geo-redundancy and backup are different from other options, such as auto-scaling, provisioning, locality, and zones. Auto-scaling is the ability of a cloud service to automatically adjust the amount of resources allocated to a workload based on the demand or usage. Provisioning is the process of allocating and configuring the resources needed to run a cloud service or application. Locality is the principle of storing data close to where it is used, such as in the same region, country, or jurisdiction. Zones are logical or physical subdivisions of a cloud region that provide isolation and redundancy for the cloud resources. While these options may also affect the data availability, they do not directly address the data access across multiple sites, which is the focus of the question. References: Extending a Datastore Across Two Sites with Stretched Clusters, SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering - SQL Server Always On, What Is a Distributed Database? {Features, Benefits & Drawbacks}, Cloud Computing Availability - CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ (CLO-002) Cert Guide

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a method of verifying a user’s identity by requiring more than one factor, such as something the user knows, something the user has, or something the user is1. A short message service (SMS) message sent to a phone and an access PIN is an example of MFA, as it combines two factors: something the user has (the phone) and something the user knows (the PIN). This makes the authentication process more secure than using only a password, which is a single factor. Other examples of MFA include using a biometric scan (such as a fingerprint or a face recognition) and a password, or using a hardware token (such as a smart card or a USB key) and a password1. References: 1: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (Exam CLO-002), Chapter 3: Cloud Planning, Section 3.2: Cloud Adoption, Subsection 3.2.1: Identity and Access Management

Shared responsibility is the cloud principle that states that the security and compliance of the cloud service are shared between the cloud service provider and the cloud customer. The cloud service provider is responsible for securing the cloud infrastructure, such as the hardware, software, networking, and facilities, while the cloud customer is responsible for securing the cloud data, applications, and access, such as the encryption, backup, authentication, and authorization. By following the shared responsibility principle, the cloud customer can manage the risk of a network breach by implementing appropriate security measures and controls on their end, such as firewalls, antivirus, VPNs, and IAM. The cloud customer can also leverage the security features and services offered by the cloud service provider, such as encryption, monitoring, auditing, and incident response. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 5: Managing Cloud Security, Section 5.1: Understanding Cloud Security Concepts, Page 1611

RPO stands for recovery point objective, which is the maximum amount of data loss that a company can tolerate in the event of a disaster, failure, or disruption. RPO is measured in time, from the point of the incident to the last valid backup of the data. RPO helps determine how frequently the company needs to back up its data and how much data it can afford to lose. For example, if a company has an RPO of one hour, it means that it can lose up to one hour’s worth of data without causing significant harm to the business. Therefore, it needs to back up its data at least every hour to meet its RPO.

RPO is different from other metrics such as RTO, TCO, MTTR, and ROI. RTO stands for recovery time objective, which is the maximum amount of time that a company can tolerate for restoring its data and resuming its normal operations after a disaster. TCO stands for total cost of ownership, which is the sum of all the costs associated with acquiring, maintaining, and operating a system or service over its lifetime. MTTR stands for mean time to repair, which is the average time that it takes to fix a faulty component or system. ROI stands for return on investment, which is the ratio of the net profit to the initial cost of a project or investment. References: Recovery Point Objective: A Critical Element of Data Recovery - G2, What is a Recovery Point Objective? RPO Definition + Examples, Cloud Computing Pricing Models - CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ (CLO-002) Cert Guide