SAP-C02 Exam Dumps - Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Professional Questions and Answers

Question # 124

A company has 20 accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The accounts are in two OUs: development and production. Multiple teams use the development accounts.

The company wants to control the cost that is associated with the development accounts. The company needs a solution that provides a notification when the forecasted monthly cost for all development accounts exceeds a threshold.

A solutions architect creates an Amazon SNS topic and subscribes an email address to the topic.

What should the solutions architect do next to meet the notification requirement with the LEAST configuration effort?

Options:

Enable Amazon CloudWatch billing alerts in the organization ' s management account. Create a CloudWatch billing alarm by configuring the EstimatedCharges metric for each development account as a linked account. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts when the EstimatedCharges metric value exceeds the threshold.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report in the organization ' s management account. Configure report delivery to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an AWS Glue job to extract the report data into Amazon Athena. Configure AWS Step Functions to analyze the consolidated cost of all the development accounts. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts when the cost exceeds the threshold.

Use AWS Budgets to create a cost budget in the organization ' s management account. Configure each development account as a linked account. Configure an alert threshold. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts.

Enable AWS Cost Explorer in the organization ' s management account. Configure each development account as a linked account. Configure an alert threshold. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts.

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Question # 125

A company needs to aggregate Amazon CloudWatch logs from its AWS accounts into one central logging account. The collected logs must remain in the AWS Region of

creation. The central logging account will then process the logs, normalize the logs into standard output format, and stream the output logs to a security tool for more processing.

A solutions architect must design a solution that can handle a large volume of logging data that needs to be ingested. Less logging will occur outside normal business hours than during normal business hours. The logging solution must scale with the anticipated load. The solutions architect has decided to use an AWS Control Tower design to handle the multi-account logging process.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet the requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a destination Amazon Kinesis data stream in the central logging account.

Create a destination Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue in the central logging account.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create a trust policy. Specify thetrust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a subscription filter for each log group to send data to the Kinesis data stream.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Create atrust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a single subscription filter for all log groups to send datato the SQSqueue.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the central logging account and to write the logs to the security tool.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the member accounts and to write the logs to the security tool.

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Question # 126

A retail company is mounting IoT sensors in all of its stores worldwide. During the manufacturing of each sensor, the company ' s private certificate authority (CA) issues an X.509 certificate that contains a unique serial number. The company then deploys each certificate to its respective sensor.

A solutions architect needs to give the sensors the ability to send data to AWS after they are installed. Sensors must not be able to send data to AWS until they are installed.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function that can validate the serial number. Create an AWS IoT Core provisioning template. Include the SerialNumber parameter in the Parameters section. Add the Lambda function as a pre-provisioning hook. During manufacturing, call the RegisterThing API operation and specify the template and parameters.

Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that can validate the serial number. Create an AWS IoT Core provisioning template. Include the SerialNumber parameter in the Parameters section. Specify the Step Functions state machine to validate parameters. Call the StartThingRegistrationTask API operation during installation.

Create an AWS Lambda function that can validate the serial number. Create an AWS IoT Core provisioning template. Include the SerialNumber parameter in the Parameters section. Add the Lambda function as a pre-provisioning hook. Register the CA with AWS IoT Core, specify the provisioning template, and set the allow-auto-registration parameter.

Create an AWS IoT Core provisioning template. Include the SerialNumber parameter in the Parameters section. Include parameter validation in the template. Provision a claim certificate and a private key for each device that uses the CA. Grant AWS IoT Core service permissions to update AWS IoT things during provisioning.

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Question # 127

A company has a transit gateway that connects multiple VPCs in the same AWS Region. The company needs a centralized way to inspect network traffic and allow internet access for the workload VPCs.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Create a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB), GWLB endpoints, and a network virtual appliance in an existing workload VPC. Update the route table in the remaining workload VPCs to send traffic to the transit gateway. Configure the transit gateway route tables to forward traffic to the GWLB endpoints. Enable appliance mode on the GWLB.

Create a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in an existing workload VPC. Create GWLB endpoints and network virtual appliances in a different workload VPC. Update the route tables in all workload VPCs to send traffic to the transit gateway. Configure the transit gateway route tables to forward traffic to the GWLB endpoints. Enable appliance mode on the GWLB endpoints.

Create an inspection VPC and an internet access VPC. Create a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) and GWLB endpoints in the inspection VPC. Create a network virtual appliance in the internet VPC. Enable flow logs in the workload VPCs to route traffic to the transit gateway. Enable appliance mode on the network virtual appliance.

Create an inspection VPC that contains a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB), GWLB endpoints, and a network virtual appliance. Update the route tables in all workload VPCs to send traffic to the transit gateway. Configure the transit gateway route tables to forward traffic to the GWLB endpoints. Enable appliance mode on the transit gateway.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The company needs centralized traffic inspection and centralized internet access for multiple workload VPCs connected by a transit gateway. The standard AWS hub-and-spoke pattern for centralized inspection is to use an inspection VPC that hosts network virtual appliances behind a Gateway Load Balancer, and to steer traffic from spoke VPCs through the transit gateway to the inspection VPC. Gateway Load Balancer endpoints are used to privately connect VPCs to the GWLB, allowing traffic to be transparently redirected to the appliances for inspection without changing application configurations.

To ensure symmetric routing for stateful inspection (so that return traffic traverses the same appliance path), appliance mode is enabled on the transit gateway attachment that connects to the inspection VPC. Appliance mode is specifically used with transit gateways and third-party appliances to preserve flow symmetry and avoid asymmetric routing issues.

Option D matches the centralized model: it creates a dedicated inspection VPC that contains the GWLB, endpoints, and the inspection appliance. It updates workload VPC routes to send traffic to the transit gateway and configures the transit gateway route tables to forward relevant traffic to the GWLB endpoints in the inspection VPC. Enabling appliance mode on the transit gateway is the key operational setting to maintain symmetric routing through the appliance fleet for inspected traffic.

Option A is incorrect because it places the inspection components inside an existing workload VPC rather than using a centralized inspection VPC. This increases coupling, makes the architecture harder to manage, and does not match the typical centralized inspection pattern. It also references enabling appliance mode on the GWLB, whereas appliance mode is a transit gateway attachment feature used for routing symmetry with appliances, not a setting “on the GWLB” itself.

Option B is incorrect because it splits the GWLB and endpoints/appliances across different workload VPCs, which complicates the design and is not the intended GWLB pattern. GWLB endpoints are created in VPCs that need to send traffic to the GWLB service; the appliances sit behind the GWLB in the provider/inspection VPC. The option also refers to enabling appliance mode on endpoints, but the appliance mode setting is associated with the transit gateway attachment.

Option C is incorrect because VPC flow logs are for logging and visibility; flow logs do not route traffic. Also, separating “inspection VPC” and “internet access VPC” with the appliances in the internet VPC does not align with the standard GWLB centralized inspection architecture and introduces unnecessary complexity.

Therefore, creating a dedicated inspection VPC with GWLB and endpoints and enabling appliance mode on the transit gateway attachment is the correct centralized approach.

[References:AWS documentation on AWS Transit Gateway centralized inspection architectures using an inspection VPC.AWS documentation on Gateway Load Balancer and Gateway Load Balancer endpoints for inserting third-party appliances transparently.AWS documentation on transit gateway appliance mode for preserving symmetric routing through network appliances., , , , ]

Question # 128

Example Corp uses an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled to manage multiple AWS accounts. Example Corp acquires AnyCompany, which currently hosts its AWS environment in a single AWS account. Example Corp wants to add AnyCompany’s AWS account to Example Corp’s existing organization.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

From AnyCompany’s AWS account, invite Example Corp’s existing AWS management account to start the join process. Ensure that Organizations creates the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role with the required permissions.

From Example Corp’s management AWS account, send an AWS Support request to AWS to add AnyCompany’s AWS account to the existing organization. Ensure that Organizations creates the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role with the required permissions.

From Example Corp’s management AWS account, send an invitation to AnyCompany’s AWS account. Accept the invitation in AnyCompany’s account. Create an OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role with the appropriate managed IAM policy.

From AnyCompany’s AWS account, create an OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role with the appropriate managed IAM policy. Configure AnyCompany’s AWS account to be a member of Example Corp’s organization.

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Question # 129

A healthcare company is designing a patient portal. The portal must use a database to store patient data. The portal must encrypt all data at rest and in transit. The portal must audit all data access. Database users must not be able to tamper with the audit trail. The company must retain the audit data for 10 years. The audit data must be immutable.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Store data in an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL encrypted database. Enforce the use of TLS for all connections.

Store data in an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL encrypted database. Enforce the use of TLS for all connections.

Create a database activity stream in the database cluster. Use Amazon Data Firehose to send the data to an Amazon S3 bucket. Enable S3 Object Lock in compliance mode with a 10-year retention period.

Install pgAudit in the database cluster. Store the data in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use Amazon Data Firehose to send the data to an Amazon S3 bucket. Enable S3 Object Lock in compliance mode with a 10-year retention period.

Install pgAudit in the database cluster. Store the data in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use Amazon Data Firehose to send the data to an Amazon S3 bucket. Enable S3 Object Lock in governance mode with a 10-year retention period.

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Question # 130

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its development environment. Each development team at the company has its own AWS account Each account has a single VPC and CIDR blocks that do not overlap.

The company has an Amazon Aurora DB cluster in a shared services account All the development teams need to work with live data from the DB cluster

Which solution will provide the required connectivity to the DB cluster with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) resource share tor the DB cluster. Share the DB cluster with all the development accounts

Create a transit gateway in the shared services account Create an AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) resource share for the transit gateway Share the transit gateway with all the development accounts Instruct the developers to accept the resource share Configure networking.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that points to the IP address of the DB cluster Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service that uses the ALB Add permissions to allow each development account to connect to the endpoint service

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection in the shared services account Configure networking Use AWS Marketplace VPN software in each development account to connect to the Site-to-Site VPN connection

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Question # 131

A company is using AWS CodePipeline for the CI/CD of an application to an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. All AWS resources are defined in AWS

CloudFormation templates. The application artifacts are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket and deployed to the Auto Scaling group using instance user data scripts.

As the application has become more complex, recent resource changes in the CloudFormation templates have caused unplanned downtime.

How should a solutions architect improve the CI/CD pipeline to reduce the likelihood that changes in the templates will cause downtime?

Options:

Adapt the deployment scripts to detect and report CloudFormation error conditions when performing deployments. Write test plans for a testing team to execute in a non-production environment before approving the change for production.

Implement automated testing using AWS CodeBuild in a test environment. Use CloudFormation change sets to evaluate changes before deployment. Use AWS CodeDeploy to leverage blue/green deployment patterns to allow evaluations and the ability to revert changes, if needed.

Use plugins for the integrated development environment (IDE) to check the templates for errors, and use the AWS CLI to validate that the templates are correct. Adapt the deployment code to check for error conditions and generate notifications on errors. Deploy to a test environment and execute a manual test plan before approving the change for production.

Use AWS CodeDeploy and a blue/green deployment pattern with CloudFormation to replace the user data deployment scripts. Have the operators log in to running instances and go through a manual test plan to verify the application is running as expected.

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Question # 132

A company has a web application that uses Amazon API Gateway. AWS Lambda and Amazon DynamoDB A recent marketing campaign has increased demand Monitoring software reports that many requests have significantly longer response times than before the marketing campaign

A solutions architect enabled Amazon CloudWatch Logs for API Gateway and noticed that errors are occurring on 20% of the requests. In CloudWatch. the Lambda function. Throttles metric represents 1% of the requests and the Errors metric represents 10% of the requests Application logs indicate that, when errors occur there is a call to DynamoDB

What change should the solutions architect make to improve the current response times as the web application becomes more popular ' ?

Options:

Increase the concurrency limit of the Lambda function

Implement DynamoDB auto scaling on the table

Increase the API Gateway throttle limit

Re-create the DynamoDB table with a better-partitioned primary index.

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Question # 133

A company has dozens of AWS accounts for different teams, applications, and environments. The company has defined a custom set of controls that all accounts must have. The company is concerned that potential misconfigurations in the accounts could lead to security issues or noncompliance. A solutions architect must design a solution that deploys the custom controls by using infrastructure as code (IaC) in a repeatable way. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Configure AWS Config rules in each account to evaluate the account settings against the custom controls. Define AWS Lambda functions in AWS CloudFormation templates. Program the Lambda functions to remediate noncompliant AWS Config rules. Deploy the CloudFormation templates as stack sets during account creation. Configure the stack sets to invoke the Lambda functions.

Configure AWS Systems Manager associations to remediate configuration issues across accounts. Define the desired configuration state in an AWS CloudFormation template by using AWS::SSM::Association. Deploy the CloudFormation templates as stack sets to all accounts during account creation.

Enable AWS Control Tower to set up and govern the multi-account environment. Use blueprints that enforce security best practices. Use Customizations for AWS Control Tower and CloudFormation templates to define the custom controls for each account. Use Amazon EventBridge to deploy Customizations for AWS Control Tower during account-provisioning lifecycle events.

Enable AWS Security Hub in all the accounts to aggregate findings in a central administrator account. Develop AWS CloudFormation templates to create Amazon EventBridge rules, AWS Lambda functions, and CloudFormation stacks in each account to remediate Security Hub findings. Deploy the CloudFormation stacks during account provisioning to set up the automated remediation.

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Question # 134

A company uses an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy an Amazon ECS service into a production environment. The template includes an Amazon S3 bucket that is named by using a common prefix with the CloudFormation stack name.

The company uses the same template to create temporary environments for development and continuous integration. Developers can create environments successfully, but they receive errors from CloudFormation when they attempt to delete the environments. The developers often need to delete and recreate stacks with the same names as part of the development and testing process.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to modify the solution to resolve this issue? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Associate an AWS Lambda function with a CloudFormation custom resource to delete all keys that are present in a given S3 bucket. Implement this custom resource as part of the application ' s CloudFormation template.

Modify the S3 bucket resource in the CloudFormation template by specifying Delete for the DeletionPolicy attribute. Specify the CAPABILITY_DELETE_NONEMPTY capability to process CloudFormation delete operations.

Modify the S3 bucket resource in the CloudFormation template by specifying Retain for the DeletionPolicy attribute. Configure an AWS Config custom rule to run every 24 hours to identify, empty, and delete buckets that are no longer owned by a CloudFormation stack.

Ensure that CloudFormation operations are being invoked by a role that has s3:DeleteObject permissions on all objects in the bucket.

Modify the S3 bucket resource in the CloudFormation template to configure a bucket policy that grants s3:DeleteObject permissions on all objects in the bucket.

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Answer:

A, D

Explanation:

CloudFormation cannot delete an S3 bucket that contains objects. When the developers attempt to delete temporary stacks, the delete operation fails if the associated S3 bucket still has objects. Because the bucket name is derived from the stack name, failed deletions can also prevent re-creation of stacks with the same names until the bucket is manually emptied and deleted. This causes friction for development and continuous integration workflows.

To resolve this, the solution must ensure that, during stack deletion, all objects are removed from the S3 bucket so that CloudFormation can delete the bucket successfully. CloudFormation does not natively support automatic deletion of bucket contents. However, CloudFormation custom resources can be used to perform custom actions during stack lifecycle events.

Option A proposes associating a Lambda function with a CloudFormation custom resource. The custom resource can be invoked during stack deletion to list and delete all objects (and object versions if versioning is enabled) in the specified bucket. Once the bucket is emptied by the Lambda function, the standard CloudFormation deletion process can successfully delete the bucket resource.

In addition to emptying the bucket, the IAM role used by CloudFormation must have permissions to delete objects in the bucket. If CloudFormation uses an execution role that lacks s3:DeleteObject (and potentially s3:ListBucket) permissions, the bucket-cleanup Lambda function or CloudFormation itself would not be able to remove objects. Option D ensures that CloudFormation operations are invoked by a role that has s3:DeleteObject permissions on bucket objects, enabling the custom resource to perform the deletions.

Option B is incorrect because, although DeletionPolicy can be set to Delete, there is no such capability as CAPABILITY_DELETE_NONEMPTY in CloudFormation, and DeletionPolicy alone does not override the S3 service requirement that buckets must be empty before deletion.

Option C’s Retain DeletionPolicy leaves the bucket behind when the stack is deleted. While an external AWS Config rule could clean up stale buckets, it complicates the design and does not directly solve the problem of re-creating stacks with the same bucket name in a predictable, immediate way.

Option E configures a bucket policy to grant s3:DeleteObject permissions, but this is not sufficient alone. CloudFormation still must assume a role with the appropriate permissions. Bucket policy and IAM role permissions must both be considered, but the key action to resolve the deletion failure is to explicitly empty the bucket through a custom resource, as in option A, and ensure the execution role has delete permissions, as in option D.

Therefore, implementing a Lambda-backed custom resource to empty the S3 bucket during stack deletion (option A) and ensuring the CloudFormation execution role has s3:DeleteObject permissions (option D) resolves the deletion errors and allows developers to delete and recreate stacks freely.

[References:AWS documentation on CloudFormation behavior with S3 bucket deletion and the requirement that buckets must be empty before deletion.AWS documentation on CloudFormation custom resources and Lambda-backed custom resources for performing custom actions during stack operations., , ]

Question # 135

A company has set up its entire infrastructure on AWS. The company uses Amazon EC2 instances to host its ecommerce website and uses Amazon S3 to store static data. Three engineers at the company handle the cloud administration and development through one AWS account. Occasionally, an engineer alters an EC2 security group configuration of another engineer and causes noncompliance issues in the environment.

A solutions architect must set up a system that tracks changes that the engineers make. The system must send alerts when the engineers make noncompliant changes to the security settings for the EC2 instances.

What is the FASTEST way for the solutions architect to meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up AWS Organizations for the company. Apply SCPs to govern and track noncompliant security group changes that are made to the AWS account.

Enable AWS CloudTrail to capture the changes to EC2 security groups. Enable Amazon CtoudWatch rules to provide alerts when noncompliant security settings are detected.

Enable SCPs on the AWS account to provide alerts when noncompliant security group changes are made to the environment.

Enable AWS Config on the EC2 security groups to track any noncompliant changes Send the changes as alerts through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

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Question # 136

A company has a project that is launching Amazon EC2 instances that are larger than required. The project ' s account cannot be part of the company ' s organization in AWS Organizations due to policy restrictions to keep this activity outside of corporate IT. The company wants to allow only the launch of t3.small

EC2 instances by developers in the project ' s account. These EC2 instances must be restricted to the us-east-2 Region.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a new developer account. Move all EC2 instances, users, and assets into us-east-2. Add the account to the company ' s organization in AWS Organizations. Enforce a tagging policy that denotes Region affinity.

Create an SCP that denies the launch of all EC2 instances except t3.small EC2 instances in us-east-2. Attach the SCP to the project ' s account.

Create and purchase a t3.small EC2 Reserved Instance for each developer in us-east-2. Assign each developer a specific EC2 instance with their name as the tag.

Create an IAM policy than allows the launch of only t3.small EC2 instances in us-east-2. Attach the policy to the roles and groups that the developers use in the project ' s account.

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Question # 137

Question:

A company mandates that all internal AWS communications useprivate IPs. A solutions architect createdinterface VPC endpointsfor public AWS services like S3. However, service names are still resolving topublic IP addresses, and the internal apps cannot connect.

What should the architect do to resolve this issue?

Options:

Update the subnet route table with a route to the interface endpoint.

Enable the private DNS option on the VPC attributes.

Configure the security group on the interface endpoint to allow access.

Configure a private hosted zone with conditional forwarding.

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Question # 138

A solutions architect works for a government agency that has strict disaster recovery requirements. All Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots are required to be saved in at least two additional AWS Regions. The agency also is required to maintain the lowest possible operational overhead.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Configure a policy in Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to run once daily to copy the EBS snapshots to the additional Regions.

Use Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) to schedule an AWS Lambda function to copy the EBS snapshots to the additional Regions.

Set up AWS Backup to create the EBS snapshots. Configure Amazon S3 cross-Region replication to copy the EBS snapshots to the additional Regions.

Schedule Amazon EC2 Image Builder to run once daily to create an AMI and copy the AMI to the additional Regions

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Exam Code: SAP-C02

Exam Name: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

Last Update: Jun 15, 2026

Questions: 674

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