CMMC-CCP Exam Dumps - Cyber AB CMMC Questions and Answers

Understanding CMMC Assessment MethodsTheCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) 2.0follows theNIST SP 800-171A assessment methodology, which includesthree primary assessment methods:

Examine– Reviewing policies, procedures, system configurations, and documentation.

Interview– Engaging with personnel to validate their understanding and execution of security practices.

Test– Conducting actual technical or operational tests to determine whether security controls function as expected.

"Test" is the method that compares actual-specified conditions with expected behavior.

It involvesexecuting procedures, configurations, or automated toolsto see if thesystem behaves as required.

For example, if a policy states that multi-factor authentication (MFA) must be enforced, a test would involveattempting to log in without MFAto confirm whether access is blocked as expected.

TheNIST SP 800-171A Guide (Assessment Procedures for CUI)defines testing as an assessment method that:

Actively verifies a security control is functioning

Simulates real-world attack scenarios

Checks compliance through system actions rather than documentation

B. Examine (Incorrect)

Examining only involvesreviewing policies, procedures, or configurationsbut does not actively test system behavior.

C. Compile (Incorrect)

"Compile" is not an assessment method in CMMC 2.0 or NIST SP 800-171A.

D. Interview (Incorrect)

Interviews are used to gather insights from personnel, but they do not compare actual conditions with expected behavior.

The correct answer isA. Testbecause itactively verifies system performance against expected security conditions.

Does a File Cabinet Containing Paper FCI Fall Within CMMC Scope?CMMConly applies to digital systems and assetsthatprocess, store, or transmitFederal Contract Information (FCI)andControlled Unclassified Information (CUI).Physical storage (such as paper documents) is not included in CMMC scoping.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:✅1. CMMC Scope Covers Only Digital Systems and Assets

According to theCMMC Scoping Guide (Level 1),only digital assetsthat handleFCIarein scopefor aLevel 1 Self-Assessment.

Afile cabinetisnot a digital system; therefore, it isnot in scopefor CMMC compliance.

✅2. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(A) In scope, because it is an asset that stores FCI❌

Incorrect:While the file cabinetdoes store FCI,CMMC only applies to digital systems.

(B) In scope, because it is part of the same physical location❌

Incorrect:CMMCdoes notconsiderphysical proximitywhen determining scope—only digital data handling matters.

(D) Out of scope, because it does not process or transmit FCI❌

Partially correct, but incomplete: Themain reasonit is out of scope is that itcontains only paper documents, not that it doesn’t process/transmit data.

TheCMMC Level 1 Scoping Guideexplicitly states thatpaper-based storage of FCI does not fall within scope.

Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:Thus, the correct answer is:

✅C. Out of scope, because they are all only paper documents.

Understanding RA.L2-3.11.2: Vulnerability ScanningTheRA.L2-3.11.2practice requires organizations to:

✔Regularly scan for vulnerabilitiesin systems and applications.

✔Perform scans when new vulnerabilities are identified.

✔Use vulnerability scanning tools or servicesto proactively detect security weaknesses.

Anincident monitoring reporttrackssecurity incidents, notvulnerability scanning activities.

Vulnerability scanning reportsshould include:✔A list of vulnerabilities detected.✔Remediation actions taken.✔Scan frequency and schedule.

Theabsence of reported security incidentsdoesnotconfirm that vulnerability scans were performed.

Why Is an Incident Monitoring Report Irrelevant?

A. Inadequate because it is irrelevant to the practice → Correct

Alack of reported security incidents does not confirm that vulnerability scanning was performed.

B. Adequate because it fits well for expected artifacts → Incorrect

Incident monitoring reportsare not expected artifactsfor this control.Vulnerability scan reportsare required instead.

C. Adequate because no security incidents were reported → Incorrect

The absence of incidents does not mean the OSC is performing vulnerability scanning. This isnot valid evidence.

D. Inadequate because the OSC's service provider should be interviewed → Incorrect

While interviewing the provider may be useful, themain issue is that the provided evidence is irrelevant. Thecorrect evidence (vulnerability scan reports) is missing.

Why is the Correct Answer "A. Inadequate because it is irrelevant to the practice"?

NIST SP 800-171 (Requirement 3.11.2 – Vulnerability Scanning)

Defines the requirement toscan for vulnerabilities periodically and when new threats emerge.

CMMC Assessment Guide for Level 2

Specifies that evidence for RA.L2-3.11.2 should includevulnerability scan reports, not incident monitoring reports.

CMMC 2.0 Model Overview

Confirms that organizationsmust proactively identify vulnerabilities through scanning, not just rely on incident detection.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

Understanding SI.L1-3.14.2: Provide Protection from Malicious CodeThe CMMC Level 1 practiceSI.L1-3.14.2is based onNIST SP 800-171 Requirement 3.14.2, which requires organizations to:

Implement malicious code protection(e.g., antivirus, endpoint security software).

Ensure coverage across all appropriate locations(e.g., workstations, servers, network entry points).

Keep protection mechanisms updated(e.g., regular signature updates, policy enforcement).

Assessment Criteria for a "MET" Rating:To determine whether the practice isMET, the Lead Assessor must confirm that:

✔Antivirus or endpoint protection software is installedon all workstations and servers.

✔The solution is centrally managed, ensuring consistent policy enforcement.

✔Signature updates are current, meaning systems are protected against new threats.

✔Logs or reports demonstrate active monitoring and updates.

Why is the Correct Answer "A. It is sufficient, and the audit finding can be rated as MET"?The provided evidenceconfirms all necessary requirementsfor SI.L1-3.14.2:

✔All workstations and servers have antivirus installed→Meets installation requirement.

✔A centralized management console is in place→Ensures consistent enforcement.

✔Records show antivirus signatures are up to date→Confirms system protection is current.

Because the evidencemeets the requirement, the practice should berated as MET.

B. It is insufficient, and the audit finding can be rated NOT MET → Incorrect

The evidence providedmeets all necessary requirements, so the practiceshould not be rated as NOT MET.

C. It is sufficient, and the Lead Assessor should seek more evidence → Incorrect

Ifadequate evidence already exists,additional evidence is unnecessary.

D. It is insufficient, and the Lead Assessor should seek more evidence → Incorrect

The evidence providedmeets the control requirements, making itsufficient.

Why Are the Other Answers Incorrect?

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document

Specifies that a practice can be marked asMET if sufficient evidence is provided.

NIST SP 800-171 (Requirement 3.14.2)

Defines the standard formalicious code protection, which ismet by antivirus with active updates.

CMMC 2.0 Level 1 (Foundational) Requirements

Clarifies that basic cybersecurity measures likeantivirus installation and updatesmeet compliance forSI.L1-3.14.2.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

Final Answer:✔A. It is sufficient, and the audit finding can be rated as MET.

TheU.S. Department of Defense (DoD)is the entity thatrequiresorganizations handlingFederal Contract Information (FCI)orControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)to undergo an assessment to determine their required level ofcybersecurity maturityunderCMMC 2.0.

This requirement stems from theDFARS 252.204-7021 clause, which mandates CMMC certification for contractors handling FCI or CUI.

Understanding Specialized Assets in a CMMC Self-AssessmentDuringCMMC Level 1 Self-Assessments, organizations must classify theirassetsin theSystem Security Plan (SSP).

Operational Technology (OT)includesmachine controllers, industrial control systems (ICS), and assembly machines.

Thesesystems control physical processesin manufacturing, energy, and industrial environments.

OT assets are distinct from traditional IT systemsbecause they haveunique security considerations(e.g., real-time control, legacy system constraints).

Specialized Asset Type: Operational Technology (OT)

A. IoT (Internet of Things) → Incorrect

IoT devicesinclude smart home systems, connected sensors, and networked appliances, butmachine controllers and assembly machines fall under OT, not IoT.

B. Restricted IS → Incorrect

Restricted Information Systems (IS) refer to classified or highly controlled systems, whichdoes not apply to standard industrial machines.

C. Test Equipment → Incorrect

Test equipment includes diagnostic tools or measurement devicesused forquality assurance, not industrial machine controllers.

D. Operational Technology → Correct

Machine controllers and assembly machinesare part ofindustrial automation and control systems, which are classified asOperational Technology (OT).

Why is the Correct Answer "D. Operational Technology"?

CMMC Scoping Guidance for Level 1 & Level 2 Assessments

DefinesOperational Technology (OT) as a category of Specialized Assetsthat requirespecific security considerations.

NIST SP 800-82 (Guide to Industrial Control Systems Security)

Identifiesmachine controllers and assembly machinesas part ofOperational Technology (OT).

CMMC 2.0 Asset Classification Guidelines

Specifies thatOT systems should be documented separately in an organization's SSP.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

The False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. §§ 3729–3733) imposes liability on companies that knowingly misrepresent compliance in order to receive or retain federal contracts. Penalties include treble damages (three times the government’s losses) plus additional penalties per claim.

Supporting Extracts from Official Content:

False Claims Act: “Any person who knowingly submits false claims to the Government is liable for three times the Government’s damages plus a penalty.”

DOJ Cyber-Fraud Initiative (2021): confirms the FCA is applied to cases of misrepresenting compliance with cybersecurity requirements.

Why Option D is Correct:

The applicable law is the False Claims Act, not a “Cyber Claims Act” (which does not exist).

The FCA specifies treble damages plus penalties, which exactly matches Option D.

References (Official CMMC v2.0 Governance and Source Documents):

False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. §§ 3729–3733).

DOJ Cyber-Fraud Initiative (2021), applied to CMMC-related compliance misrepresentation.

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Step 1: Understand the Assessor’s Role and Chain of ResponsibilityDuring a CMMC assessment, the assessor ispart of the team organized by a C3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization). If the assessor determines thatevidence is insufficient or inadequate, they arenot authorizedto act independently in terms of halting or postponing the assessment.

Source Reference: CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0 – Section 3.5.4 & 3.5.6

"If the Assessment Team identifies gaps in the sufficiency or adequacy of evidence, they must work with the Lead Assessor and C3PAO to determine the appropriate course of action."

The C3PAO is responsible for overseeing the assessment lifecycle.

If evidence isnot adequate, the assessor mustescalate within their organization(i.e., to the Lead Assessor or C3PAO point of contact) to:

Request clarifications from the OSC,

Determine if additional evidence can be requested,

Decide on continuing, pausing, or modifying the assessment schedule.

✅Step 2: Why Contacting the C3PAO Is the Correct Action

A. Notify the CMMC-AB✘ Incorrect. The Cyber AB (formerly CMMC-AB) isnot involved in operational aspectsof assessments. They do not manage day-to-day assessment decisions.

B. Cancel the assessment✘ Incorrect. An assessorcannot unilaterally cancelan assessment. Only theC3PAO, in consultation with all parties, may take such action.

C. Postpone the assessment✘ Incorrect. Postponements are logistical decisions that must be managed through theC3PAO, not an individual assessor.

❌Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

When an assessor determines that the evidence submitted by an OSC is inadequate or insufficient to meet a CMMC practice, thecorrect and required course of action is to consult with the C3PAO. The C3PAO will provide guidance or coordinate appropriate next steps.

Understanding the CMMC-AB Code of Professional ConductTheCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB), now referred to asThe Cyber AB, establishes aCode of Professional Conduct (CoPC)for all individuals involved in CMMC assessments, includingCertified Assessors (CAs), Certified Professionals (CPs), and C3PAOs (Certified Third-Party Assessment Organizations).

Thecore principlesoutlined in theCMMC-AB Code of Professional Conductinclude:

Responsibility

CMMC professionals must takefull accountabilityfor their actions, ensuring that assessments are conducted withintegrity and professionalism.

They mustadhere to all ethical and regulatory requirementsestablished by The Cyber AB and the DoD.

Confidentiality

CMMC professionals mustprotect sensitive information, includingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)andFederal Contract Information (FCI).

They are required toadhere to non-disclosure agreements (NDAs)and avoid improper information sharing.

Information Integrity

All reports, findings, and recommendations in CMMC assessments must beaccurate, unbiased, and truthful.

Assessors mustavoid conflicts of interestand ensure that all data provided in an assessment isverifiable and free from misrepresentation.

Answer A (Incorrect): "Classification" is not a primary principle of the CMMC-AB CoPC. The focus is on protectingCUI and FCI, not on classification procedures.

Answer B (Incorrect): "Objectivity" is important, but it is not explicitly listed as one of the three core principles in theCMMC-AB Code of Professional Conduct.

Answer C (Incorrect): "Classification" is not a guiding principle in the CoPC.

Answer D (Correct):The Code of Professional Conduct explicitly emphasizes responsibility, confidentiality, and information integrity.

The correct answer isD. Responsibility, Confidentiality, and Information Integrity.

These principlesensure that all CMMC professionals maintain ethical standards and uphold the integrity of the certification process.

Understanding the Role of the Lead Assessor in CMMC AssessmentsTheLead Assessoris responsible for managing theAssessment Teamand ensuring that all team members meet the required qualifications as defined by theCMMC Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB)and theCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) Assessment Process (CAP) Guide.

Lead Assessor’s Key Responsibilities (Per CAP Guide)

Verify team member qualificationsto ensure compliance with CMMC-AB guidelines.

Assignappropriate assessment tasksbased on team members’ expertise.

Ensure that theassessment is conducted in accordance with CMMC procedures.

Why Not the Other Options?

A. C3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessor Organization)→Incorrect

AC3PAOis responsible fororganizing assessmentsand ensuring their execution, but itdoes not verify individual team member qualifications—that responsibility belongs to theLead Assessor.

B. CMMC-AB (CMMC Accreditation Body)→Incorrect

TheCMMC-ABestablishestraining and certification requirements, but itdoes not verify individual assessment team members—that responsibility is given to theLead Assessor.

D. CMMC Marketplace→Incorrect

TheCMMC Marketplacelists authorizedC3PAOs, Registered Practitioners (RPs), and Certified Professionals (CCPs)butdoes not verify assessment team qualifications.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide– Defines theLead Assessor’s responsibilityfor verifying assessment team qualifications.

CMMC-AB Certification Guide– Specifies that the Lead Assessor must ensure all assessment team members meet CMMC-AB qualification standards.

Why the Correct Answer is "C. Lead Assessor"?Relevant CMMC 2.0 References:Final Justification:Since theLead Assessor is responsible for verifying assessment team member qualifications, the correct answer isC. Lead Assessor.