CMMC-CCP Exam Dumps - Cyber AB CMMC Questions and Answers

Per the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), the Assessment Team is responsible for determining the adequacy and sufficiency of evidence collected during the assessment. The team validates whether practices and components for each in-scope Host Unit, Supporting Organization, or enclave meet the target CMMC level. The OSC (Organization Seeking Certification) provides evidence, but only the Assessment Team makes the verification and scoring determination.

Reference Documents:

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), v1.0

Step 1: Review CMMC 2.0 Reforms (Level 1 – Foundational)As part ofCMMC 2.0, the DoD announced changes toreduce burden and costsfor companies that only handleFederal Contract Information (FCI):

DoD Statement (CMMC 2.0 Overview):

“Level 1 (Foundational) will only require an annual self-assessment, affirming implementation of the 17 FAR 52.204-21 controls.”

✅Step 2: Intent of “Reduced Assessment Costs”The move to allowself-assessments at Level 1was explicitly designed toeliminate the costof hiring third-party assessors for organizations that only handle FCI.

Level 1 self-assessments are:

Conductedinternally by the OSC,

Affirmed annuallyby a senior company official,

Submitted via SPRS(Supplier Performance Risk System).

B. Opt out of CMMC Assessments✘ Incorrect. Organizations must still perform aself-assessmentannually — they cannot opt out entirely.

C. Have assessment costs reimbursed by the DoD✘ No such reimbursement mechanism exists.

D. Pay no more than $500.00…✘ No such fixed cost is set or guaranteed in CMMC documentation.

❌Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

UnderCMMC 2.0, all companies atLevel 1 (Foundational)are permitted toconduct self-assessmentsannually to demonstrate compliance, supporting the DoD’s goal ofreducing assessment costsfor low-risk contractors.

1. Understanding Basic Safeguarding Requirements for FCI in CMMC Level 1

Federal Contract Information (FCI) is defined as information provided by or generated for the government under a contract that isnot intended for public release.

CMMCLevel 1is designed to ensurebasic safeguardingof FCI, aligning with15 security requirementsfound inFAR 52.204-21 (Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems).

Contractors handlingonly FCImust meetCMMC Level 1, which alignsdirectlywith the safeguarding requirements set inFAR 52.204-21.

2. FAR 52.204-21 and Its Role in CMMC Level 1 Compliance

FAR 52.204-21establishes the baseline cybersecurity controls that contractors must implement to protectFCI.

The15 basic safeguarding requirementsinclude:

Limiting information accessto authorized users.

Identifying and authenticating usersbefore allowing system access.

Protecting transmitted FCIfrom unauthorized disclosure.

Monitoring and controlling connectionsto external systems.

Applying boundary protectionand cybersecurity measures.

Sanitizing mediabefore disposal.

Updating security configurationsto reduce vulnerabilities.

Providing physical securityprotections.

Controlling physical accessto systems that process FCI.

Enforcing multi-factor authentication (MFA) where applicable.

Patching vulnerabilitiesin software and hardware.

Limiting the use of removable media.

Creating and retaining system audit logs.

Performing risk-based security assessments.

Developing an incident response plan.

These 15 practices form thefoundationof CMMCLevel 1 Self-Assessment, ensuring contractorsmeet minimum cybersecurity expectationsfor handling FCI.

3. Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

B. 22 CFR 120-130:

This refers toInternational Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), which controls the export of defense-related articles and services,notFCI safeguarding requirements.

C. DFARS 252.204-7011:

This clause refers toalternative line item structuresand does not pertain to cybersecurity or safeguarding FCI.

D. DFARS 252.204-7021:

This clause enforcesCMMC requirementsbut doesnot definebasic safeguarding controls. It requires compliance with CMMC but does not specify the foundational requirements (which come fromFAR 52.204-21for Level 1).

4. Official CMMC 2.0 Reference & Study Guide Alignment

TheCMMC 2.0 model documentationconfirms that Level 1 is focused on the15 practices from FAR 52.204-21.

TheDoD’s official CMMC Assessment Guidefor Level 1 explicitly states that meeting FAR 52.204-21 is therequirement for passing a Level 1 Self-Assessment.

TheCMMC 2.0 Scoping Guideclarifies that contractors handling onlyFCIand seekingLevel 1 certificationmust implementonly FAR 52.204-21security controls.

Final Confirmation:The correct answer isA. FAR 52.204-21, as it directly governs the basic safeguarding ofFCIand is the foundational requirement for aLevel 1 Self-Assessmentin CMMC 2.0.

Understanding CMMC 2.0 Levels and Their DescriptionsTheCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) 2.0consists ofthree levels, each representing increasing cybersecurity maturity:

Level 1 – Foundational

Focuses onbasic cyber hygiene

Implements17 practicesaligned withFAR 52.204-21

Primarily protectsFederal Contract Information (FCI)

Level 2 – Advanced(Correct Answer)

Focuses onprotecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)

Implements110 practicesaligned withNIST SP 800-171

Requirestriennial third-party assessments for critical programs

Level 3 – Expert

Focuses onadvanced cybersecurityagainstAPT (Advanced Persistent Threats)

ImplementsNIST SP 800-171 and additional NIST SP 800-172 controls

Requirestriennial government-led assessments

TheCMMC 2.0 framework explicitly describes Level 2 as "Advanced."

Italigns with NIST SP 800-171to ensure robustCUI protection.

A. Expert (Incorrect)– This describesLevel 3, not Level 2.

C. Optimizing (Incorrect)– Not a defined CMMC level description.

D. Continuously Improved (Incorrect)– CMMC does not use this terminology.

The correct answer isB. Advanced, which accurately describesCMMC Level 2.

Understanding Evidence Sufficiency in CMMC Level 2 AssessmentsDuring aCMMC Level 2 Assessment, theLead Assessormust determine whether the evidence collected for each practice issufficientto support an assessment finding. This aligns with theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, which requires assessors to evaluate:

Examinations– Reviewing documents, configurations, and system records.

Interviews– Speaking with personnel to confirm implementation and understanding.

Testing– Observing security controls in action to validate effectiveness.

To determine whether evidence issufficient, the assessor ensures that it:

Directly supports the assessment objective.

Demonstrates that the practice is consistently implemented.

Can be independently verified.

Sufficiencyrefers to whetherenoughevidence has been collected to make an accurate determination about compliance.

Option A (Adequacy)is incorrect because adequacy relates tothe qualityof evidence, while sufficiency focuses on whetherenoughevidence exists.

Option C (Process Mapping)is incorrect because process mapping is used for understanding workflows but is not an assessment verification method.

Option D (Assessment Scope)is incorrect because defining the scope happensbeforeevidence collection, during the planning phase.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide – Section 3.6 (Determining Sufficiency of Evidence)

CMMC Level 2 Assessment Guide – Evidence Collection and Evaluation

Why Option B (Sufficiency) is CorrectOfficial CMMC Documentation ReferencesFinal VerificationSince theLead Assessor is ensuring enough evidence is available to verify compliance, the correct answer isOption B: Sufficiency.

Understanding CMMC 2.0 Incident Response PracticesTheIncident Response (IR) domaininCMMC 2.0 Level 2aligns withNIST SP 800-171, Section 3.6, which defines requirements forestablishing and maintaining an incident response capability.

The documentation provideddescribes an incident response capability that includes preparation, detection, analysis, containment, recovery, and user response activities.

IR.L2-3.6.1specifically requires organizations toestablish an incident handling processcovering:

Preparation

Detection & Analysis

Containment

Eradication & Recovery

Post-Incident Response

B. IR.L2-3.6.2: Incident Reporting (Incorrect)

Incident reporting focuses on reporting incidents to external parties (e.g., DoD, DIBNet),which isnot what the provided documentation describes.

C. IR.L2-3.6.3: Incident Response Testing (Incorrect)

Incident response testing ensures that the response process is regularly tested and evaluated,which isnot the primary focus of the documentation provided.

D. IR.L2-3.6.4: Incident Spillage (Incorrect)

Incident spillage specifically refers to CUI exposure or handling unauthorized CUI incidents,which isnot the scenario described.

The correct answer isA. IR.L2-3.6.1: Incident Handling, as the documentationattests to the establishment of an incident response capability.

CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) 2.0 Level 1 is designed to protectFederal Contract Information (FCI)and consists of17 foundational cybersecurity practices. These practices are directly derived fromFAR 52.204-21(Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems), which outlines minimum security requirements for contractors handling FCI.

Breakdown of CMMC Level 1 PracticesThe17 practicesin Level 1 focus on basic cybersecurity hygiene and fall under the following6 domains:

Access Control (AC)– 4 practices

AC.L1-3.1.1: Limit system access to authorized users

AC.L1-3.1.2: Limit user access to authorized transactions and functions

AC.L1-3.1.20: Verify and control connections to external systems

AC.L1-3.1.22: Control information posted or processed on publicly accessible systems

Identification and Authentication (IA)– 2 practices

IA.L1-3.5.1: Identify and authenticate system users

IA.L1-3.5.2: Use multifactor authentication for local and network access

Media Protection (MP)– 1 practice

MP.L1-3.8.3: Sanitize media before disposal or reuse

Physical Protection (PE)– 4 practices

PE.L1-3.10.1: Limit physical access to systems containing FCI

PE.L1-3.10.3: Escort visitors and monitor visitor activity

PE.L1-3.10.4: Maintain audit logs of physical access

PE.L1-3.10.5: Control and manage physical access devices

System and Communications Protection (SC)– 2 practices

SC.L1-3.13.1: Monitor and control communications at system boundaries

SC.L1-3.13.5: Implement subnetworks for publicly accessible system components

System and Information Integrity (SI)– 4 practices

SI.L1-3.14.1: Identify, report, and correct system flaws in a timely manner

SI.L1-3.14.2: Provide protection from malicious code at designated locations

SI.L1-3.14.4: Update malicious code protection mechanisms periodically

SI.L1-3.14.5: Perform scans of system components and real-time file scans

Official Reference from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationThe 17 practices forCMMC Level 1are explicitly listed in theCMMC 2.0 Appendices and Assessment Guide for Level 1, as well as in theFAR 52.204-21 requirements. These practices representbasic safeguarding measuresthat all DoD contractors handlingFCImust implement.

????CMMC 2.0 Level 1 Summary:

Focus:Basic safeguarding of FCI

Total Practices:17

Derived From:FAR 52.204-21

Assessment Type:Self-assessment (annual)

Final Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isB. 17 practicesas verified from theCMMC 2.0 official documentsandFAR 52.204-21 requirements.

Understanding High-Level Scoping in a CMMC AssessmentDuringHigh-Level Scoping, aCertified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)determines thepeople, processes, and technologythat are within scope for theCMMC Level 1 or Level 2 assessment.

Supporting Organization/Unitsrefer to thespecific groups, departments, or teamsthat handleControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)orFederal Contract Information (FCI)and are responsible for applyingCMMC security practices.

These units aredirectly involved in the contract's executionand are included in the CMMC assessment scope.

Key Term: Supporting Organization/Units

A. Host Unit → Incorrect

This term is not used inCMMC assessment scoping.

B. Branch Office → Incorrect

Abranch officemay or may not be in scope; scoping is based onwhether the unit handles CUI or FCI, not its physical location.

C. Coordinating Unit → Incorrect

No official CMMC term refers to a "Coordinating Unit."

D. Supporting Organization/Units → Correct

This termcorrectly describes the entities that apply security controls for the contract and are within the CMMC assessment scope.

Why is the Correct Answer "D. Supporting Organization/Units"?

CMMC Scoping Guidance for Level 1 & Level 2 Assessments

DefinesSupporting Organization/Unitsasin-scope entities responsible for implementing cybersecurity controls.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document

Specifies that theC3PAO must identify and document the units responsible for security compliance.

DoD CMMC 2.0 Guidance on Scoping

Requires theassessment team to define the people, processes, and technology that fall within the scopeof the assessment.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

Under theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)andCMMC 2.0 guidelines, assessors must gather objective evidence to validate that an organization meets the required security practices and processes. This evidence collection is performed throughthree primary assessment methods:

Examination– Reviewing documents, records, system configurations, and other artifacts.

Interviews– Speaking with personnel to verify processes, responsibilities, and understanding of security controls.

Testing– Observing system behavior, performing technical validation, and executing controls in real-time to verify effectiveness.

TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)states that an assessor must use acombinationof evidence-gathering methods (examinations, interviews, and tests) to determine compliance.

CMMC 2.0 Level 2(Aligned withNIST SP 800-171) requires assessors to verify not only that policies and procedures exist but also that they are implemented and effective.

Solely relying ononemethod (like interviews in Option A) is insufficient.

Testing all practices or objectives (Option B)is unnecessary, as assessors followscoping guidanceto determine which objectives need deeper examination.

Testing only "certain" objectives (Option C)does not fully align with the requirement of gatheringsufficient evidencefrom multiple methods.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 3.5 – Assessment Methodsexplicitly defines the use of examinations, interviews, and tests as the foundation of an effective assessment.

CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Practices and NIST SP 800-171require assessors to validate the presence, implementation, and effectiveness of security controls.

CMMC Appendix E: Assessment Proceduresstates that an assessor should use multiple sources of evidence to determine compliance.

Why Option D is CorrectCMMC 2.0 and Official Documentation ReferencesFinal VerificationTo ensure compliance withCMMC 2.0 guidelines and official documentation, an assessor must useexaminations, interviews, and teststo gather evidence effectively, makingOption D the correct answer.