CMMC-CCP Exam Dumps - Cyber AB CMMC Questions and Answers

Understanding the Role of "Discussion" and "Further Discussion" Sections in CMMC AssessmentsWhen assessing anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)forCMMC compliance, theLead Assessorrelies on various sources of guidance.

Eachpracticein the CMMC model includes:

The Practice Statement– The official requirement the OSC must meet.

Discussion Section– Providesclarifications, interpretations, and guidancefor implementation.

Further Discussion Section– Expands on the practice,offering additional details, best practices, and examples.

These sections arenot mandatory, but they help assessorsinterpret and evaluatewhether an OSC has met the practice requirements.

TheDiscussion and Further Discussion sectionsprovidecontext, explanations, and examplesto assist theLead Assessorin understanding how an OSC might demonstrate compliance.

Theyhelp guide the assessment processbut arenot prescriptiveormandatoryfor an OSC.

Theassessor uses these sectionsto verify whether theOSC's implementation meets the intent of the requirement.

Why "Provides Additional Information to Facilitate the Assessment" is Correct?Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption

Description

Correct?

A. Is normative for an OSC to follow.

❌Incorrect–The sections areguidance, notnormative (mandatory)requirements.

B. Contains examples that an OSC must implement.

❌Incorrect–Examples aresuggestions, notmandatory implementations.

C. Is mandatory and aligns with FAR Clause 52.204-21.

❌Incorrect–The "Discussion" sections arenot mandatoryand arenot tied directlyto FAR 52.204-21.

D. Provides additional information to facilitate the assessment of the practice.

✅Correct – These sections help the assessor evaluate compliance but do not mandate specific implementations.

TheCMMC Assessment Guidestates that theDiscussion and Further Discussion sections provide clarificationsto help both assessors and OSCs.

These sections arenot bindingbut serve asinterpretive guidanceto assist in assessments.

Official References from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isD. Provides additional information to facilitate the assessment of the practice.This aligns withCMMC 2.0 documentation and assessment guidelines.

In the CMMC assessment process, conflicts of interest must be identified early to ensure an impartial and objective evaluation of an organization's compliance with CMMC 2.0 requirements. The appropriate phase for identifying conflicts of interest is during the"Verify Readiness to Conduct Assessment"phase.

Assessment Planning & Conflict of Interest Consideration

Before an assessment begins, theC3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization)or theDIBCAC (Defense Industrial Base Cybersecurity Assessment Center) for DOD-led assessmentsmust confirm that there are no conflicts of interest between assessors and the organization being assessed.

A conflict of interest may arise if an assessor haspreviously worked for, consulted with, or provided direct assistance tothe organization under review.

CMMC Assessment Process and PhasesThe CMMC assessment process involves multiple steps, and the verification of readiness is acritical early phaseto ensure that the assessment is unbiased:

Analyze Requirements:This phase focuses on defining the assessment scope, but it does not include conflict of interest verification.

Develop Assessment Plan:This phase focuses on structuring the assessment methodology, not on identifying conflicts.

Verify Readiness to Conduct Assessment (Correct Answer):

At this stage, theC3PAO or assessment team must review potential conflicts of interest.

TheDefense Industrial Base Cybersecurity Assessment Center (DIBCAC)also ensures assessors do not have any prior relationships that could compromise the objectivity of the evaluation.

Generate Final Recommended Assessment Results:This phase occurs at the end of the process, after the assessment is complete, so conflict of interest identification is too late by this stage.

Official CMMC Documentation & References

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide– The CAP details procedures assessors must follow, including conflict of interest verification.

CMMC 2.0 Scoping and Assessment Guides– Published by the Cyber AB and DoD, these guides reinforce the need for impartiality and independence in assessments.

DoD Instruction 5200.48 (Controlled Unclassified Information Program)– Outlines requirements for ensuring objective cybersecurity assessments.

Step-by-Step Explanation:By ensuring conflicts of interest are identified in the"Verify Readiness to Conduct Assessment"phase, the integrity of the CMMC certification process is maintained, ensuring that assessments are conductedfairly, independently, and in accordance with DoD cybersecurity policies.

Understanding Ethical Responsibility in the CMMC EcosystemEthics in theCMMC ecosystemis ashared responsibilitybetween theCMMC Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB)and itsmembers. TheCMMC-AB Code of Professional Conductoutlines ethical obligations forassessors, consultants, and other ecosystem participantsto ensure integrity, fairness, and professionalism.

CMMC-AB ensures the accreditation process remains fair, unbiased, and ethical.

CMMC ecosystem members (assessors, consultants, and organizations) are responsible for upholding ethical practices in assessments and implementations.

Ethical violations can result indisciplinary actions, revocation of certification, or legal consequences.

Key Ethical Responsibilities Include:

A. DoD and CMMC-AB → Incorrect

TheDoD oversees CMMC implementation, butit is not responsible for the ethical conduct of CMMC assessments.

B. OSC and Sponsors → Incorrect

TheOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)is responsible for compliance but doesnot oversee ethics in the CMMC ecosystem.

C. CMMC-AB and Members of the CMMC Ecosystem → Correct

Ethics is explicitly stated as ajoint responsibility of the CMMC-AB and its ecosystem membersin official CMMC guidance.

D. Members of the CMMC Ecosystem and Lead Assessors → Incorrect

Lead Assessors are part of theCMMC ecosystem, butCMMC-AB is the governing body responsible for ethical oversight.

Why is the Correct Answer "CMMC-AB and Members of the CMMC Ecosystem" (C)?

CMMC-AB Code of Professional Conduct

Defines ethical responsibilities forassessors, consultants, and ecosystem members.

CMMC Ecosystem Governance Policies

Ethics isjointly managed by CMMC-AB and its accredited ecosystem members.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document

Outlines ethical expectations forassessors and consultantsduring certification assessments.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting this Answer:

Step 1: Understand the Definitions of Evidence Evaluation CriteriaTheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)introduces two key criteria for evaluating evidence:

Adequacy– Does the evidencealign with the practice?

Sufficiency– Is the evidencecomprehensive enoughin terms ofcoverage across systems, users, and scope?

CAP v1.0 – Section 3.5.4:

“Evidence must be evaluated for bothadequacy(is it the right evidence?) andsufficiency(is there enough of it across all in-scope assets and areas?) to score a practice as MET.”

✅Step 2: Applying to the ScenarioIn the question, the Lead Assessor is asking the team toverify that evidence is sufficient across:

Domains

Practices

Host Units

Supporting Organizations

Enclaves

➡️ This is adirect reference to sufficiency, which evaluates whether thebreadth and depthof evidence is enough to make an informed judgment that the control is truly implemented across theentire assessed environment.

A. Adequacy✘ Adequacy refers to therelevanceof the evidence to the specific practice — not itscoverageacross scope.

B. Capability✘ Not a term used in evidence validation within CMMC CAP documentation.

D. Objectivity✘ While objectivity is important, it refers to theunbiased nature of assessment activities, not to theextent of evidence coverage.

❌Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

When an assessor evaluates whether the evidence is broad enough across all necessary systems, units, and enclaves to score a practice as MET, they are evaluatingsufficiency— one of the two core criteria for evidence validity in a CMMC assessment.

UnderCMMC Level 2, contractors are required toidentify, document, and categorize assetsinvolved in handlingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI). This is part of thescoping process, which ensures that all security-relevant assets are properly protected and accounted for in the System Security Plan (SSP), asset inventory, and network diagram.

CMMC Scoping Requirements for Level 2 Assessments:

TheCMMC Scoping Guide(CMMC v2.0) identifies four asset categories:

CUI Assets:Systems that store, process, or transmit CUI.

Security Protection Assets (SPA):Systems providing security functions for CUI Assets (e.g., firewalls, SIEMs).

Contractor Risk Managed Assets (CRMA):Assets that interact with CUI but arenot directly controlledby the organization (e.g., personal devices).

Specialized Assets:These include IoT devices, OT systems, and Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) thatmay require specific security controls.

Where Documentation is Required:

The contractor mustdocument all assets (except out-of-scope assets)in:

The System Security Plan (SSP):A key document detailing security controls and asset categorization.

An asset inventory:Lists all in-scope assets (CUI Assets, SPAs, CRMA, and Specialized Assets).

The network diagram:Provides a visual representation of system connectivity and security boundaries.

Why Out-of-Scope Assets Are Excluded:

TheCMMC Scoping Guidespecifically states that Out-of-Scope Assets arenot required to be documentedin these compliance artifacts because they haveno direct or indirect interaction with CUI.

These assets do not require CMMC controls because they are completely isolated from CUI handling environments.

Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(A) GUI Assets:There is no specific "GUI Asset" category in CMMC scoping.

(B) CUI and Security Protection Asset categories:While these are included, this answerexcludesContractor Risk Managed and Specialized Assets, which are also required.

(D) Contractor Risk Managed Assets and Specialized Assets:These assetsare included in scopingbut this answer excludes CUI Assets and Security Protection Assets, making it incomplete.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:According to theCMMC Assessment Scope Level 2 Guide, allin-scope assetsmust be documented in the SSP, inventory, and network diagram.The only assets excluded are Out-of-Scope Assets.

Thus, the correct answer is:

C. All asset categories except for the Out-of-Scope Assets.

Understanding the Official CUI RegistryTheControlled Unclassified Information (CUI) Registryis theauthoritative sourcefor all federal agencies'CUI categories and indices. It is maintained by theNational Archives and Records Administration (NARA)and provides:

✅Acomprehensive listof CUI categories and subcategories.

✅Details onwho can handle, store, and share CUI.

✅Guidance onCUI marking and safeguarding requirements.

TheOfficial CUI Registryis theonly federal resourcethat listsall CUI categories and agencies that use them.

32 CFR Section 2002(Option A) definesCUI policiesbut doesnotprovide a full listing of CUI categories.

Executive Order 13556(Option C) established theCUI Programbut doesnotmaintain an active list of categories.

The "Official CMMC Registry" (Option D) does not exist—CMMC is a security framework, not a CUI classification system.

Why "Official CUI Registry" is Correct?Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption

Description

Correct?

A. 32 CFR Section 2002

❌Incorrect–Defines CUI program rules butdoes not listcategories.

B. Official CUI Registry

✅Correct – The registry contains the full list of CUI categories.

C. Executive Order 13556

❌Incorrect–Established the CUI program butdoes not maintain a category list.

D. Official CMMC Registry

❌Incorrect–No such registry exists; CMMC is a cybersecurity framework, not a CUI classification system.

National Archives (NARA) CUI Registry– The authoritative source forall federal agency CUI categories.

32 CFR 2002– Provides CUIpolicy guidancebut refers agencies to theOfficial CUI Registryfor classification.

Official References from CMMC 2.0 and Federal DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isB. Official CUI Registry, as it is theonly official source listing all federal agencies' CUI indices and categories.

ACertified CMMC Professional (CCP)advising anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)must ensure thatFederal Contract Information (FCI)andControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)are properly documented within required security documents.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:✅1. System Security Plan (SSP)

CMMC Level 2requires anSSPto documenthow CUI is protected, including:

Security controlsimplemented

Asset categorization(CUI Assets, Security Protection Assets, etc.)

Policies and proceduresfor handling CUI

✅2. Asset Inventory

Anasset inventorylistsall relevant IT systems, applications, and hardwarethat store, process, or transmitCUI or FCI.

TheCMMC Scoping Guiderequires OSCs to identifyCUI-relevant assetsas part of their compliance.

✅3. Network Diagram

Anetwork diagramvisually representshow data flows across systems, showing:

WhereCUI is transmitted and stored

Security boundaries protectingCUI Assets

Connectivity betweenCUI Assets and Security Protection Assets

✅4. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(B) Within the hardware inventory, data flow diagram, and in the network diagram❌

While adata flow diagramis useful,hardware inventory alone is insufficientto document CUI.

(C) Within the asset inventory, in the proposal response, and in the network diagram❌

Aproposal responseis not a required document for CMMC assessments.

(D) In the network diagram, in the SSP, within the base inventory, and in the proposal response❌

Base inventoryis not a specific CMMC documentation requirement.

TheCMMC Assessment Guideconfirms that FCI and CUI must be documented in:

The SSP

The asset inventory

The network diagram

Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:Thus, the correct answer is:

✅A. "In the SSP, within the asset inventory, and in the network diagram."

TheLimited Practice Deficiency Correction Evaluationprocess occurs when anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)has undergone aCMMC Level 2 Assessmentby aCertified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)and hasunresolved deficienciesin some security practices.

According toCMMC 2.0 policy and DFARS 252.204-7021, OSCs can still achieveInterim Certificationif they meet theminimum thresholdof security practices while addressing deficiencies through aPlan of Action & Milestones (POA&M).

TheCMMC 2.0 Interim Rulestates that an OSCmust meet at least 100 out of 110 practicesto qualify for aPOA&M-based remediation.

A maximum of 10 practices can be listed in the POA&Mfor later correction.

Failure to meet at least 100 practices results in failing the assessment outright, requiring a full reassessment after remediation.

The Lead Assessor can recommend POA&M placementonly if the OSC meets at least 100 practices.

Less than 100 practices scored as MET means the OSC does not qualify for a POA&Mand mustretest completely.

DFARS 252.204-7021 and CMMC 2.0 policiesconfirm the100-practice thresholdfor conditional certification.

A. 80 practices (Incorrect)– Falls well below the 100-practice requirement.

B. 88 practices (Incorrect)– Still below the POA&M eligibility threshold.

D. 110 practices (Incorrect)– While meeting 110 practices would be ideal,CMMC allows a POA&M option at 100 practices.

The correct answer isC. 100 practices, as this meets theminimum threshold for POA&M-based Interim Certification.

Understanding the "Examine" Assessment Method in CMMC 2.0CMMC 2.0 usesthree assessment methodsto evaluate security compliance:

Examine– Reviewing, inspecting, observing, studying, or analyzing assessment objects (e.g., policies, system documentation).

Interview– Speaking with personnel to verify knowledge and responsibilities.

Test– Performing technical validation to check system configurations.

TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)definesExamineas the method used toreview or analyze assessment objects, such as policies, procedures, configurations, and logs.

Relevant CMMC 2.0 Reference:

A. Test → Incorrect

"Test" involvesexecutinga function to validate its security (e.g., verifying access controls through a live system test).

B. Assess → Incorrect

"Assess" is a broad term; CMMC explicitly defines "Examine" as the method for reviewing documentation.

C. Examine → Correct

"Examine" is the official term forreviewing policies, procedures, configurations, or logs.

D. Interview → Incorrect

"Interview" involvesverbal discussions with personnel, not document analysis.

Why is the Correct Answer "Examine" (C)?

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document

Defines "Examine" asanalyzing assessment objects (e.g., policies, procedures, logs, documentation).

NIST SP 800-171A

Specifies "Examine" as a method toreview security controls and configurations.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting this Answer: