CMMC-CCP Exam Dumps - Cyber AB CMMC Questions and Answers

This question pertains to theminimum evidence requirementsneeded by a CMMCAssessment Teamto score a practice asMETduring aLevel 2 Assessment.

The CMMC Level 2 assessment must align withNIST SP 800-171and follow the procedures outlined in theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide v1.0, particularly aroundevidence collection and scoring methodology.

✅Step 1: Refer to the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide v1.0

CAP v1.0 – Section 3.5.4: Evaluate Evidence and Score Practices

“To assign a MET determination, the Assessment Team must collect and corroborate at least two types of objective evidence: either through examination of artifacts, interviews (affirmation), or testing (demonstration).”

This meansat least two typesof the following evidence are required:

Examine(documentation/artifacts),

Interview(affirmation from personnel),

Test(demonstration of implementation).

✅Step 2: Clarify the Official Minimum Standard for a Practice to be Scored MET

The CAP explicitly states:

“A practice can only be scored MET when a minimum oftwo types of evidencefrom the E-I-T (Examine, Interview, Test) triad are successfully collected and evaluated.”

Theevidence types must come from two different categories, for example:

An artifact(Examine)+ an interview affirmation(Interview),

A demonstration(Test)+ an interview(Interview),

Etc.

This cross-validation ensures that the control isimplemented, documented, and understoodby personnel — a core principle in assessing effective cybersecurity implementation.

❌Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

A. All three types of evidence are documented for every control

✘Incorrect:While collecting all three types (E-I-T) strengthens the assessment, theminimum requirementis onlytwo. Collecting all three isnot requiredfor a practice to be scoredMET.

B. Examine and accept evidence from one of the three evidence types

✘Incorrect:This fails to meet theminimum two-evidence-type requirementset by the CAP. Single-source evidence is not sufficient to score a practice as MET.

C. Complete one of the following; examine two artifacts, observe one demonstration, or receive one affirmation

✘Incorrect:Even if two artifacts are examined,this is still only one type of evidence(Examine). The CAP requires twotypes— not two instances of the same type.

✅Why D is Correct

D. Complete two of the following: examine one artifact, either observe a satisfactory demonstration of one control or receive one affirmation from the OSC personnel.

✔This directly reflects theCAP’s requirement for collecting two different types of objective evidenceto determine a practice is MET.

BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front):

To score a CMMC Level 2 practice asMET, the Assessment Team must collecta minimum of two distinct types of evidence— from theExamine, Interview, Test (E-I-T)categories. This requirement is clearly stated in the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0.

Understanding Assessment Methods in CMMC 2.0

According to theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, assessors usethree primary assessment methodsto determine compliance with security practices:

Examine– Reviewing documents, policies, configurations, and system records.

Interview– Speaking with personnel to gather insights into security processes.

Test– Performing technical validation of system functions and security controls.

Why Option C (Examine) is Correct

TheAssessment Team Memberis inspectingAssessment Objects(e.g., system configurations, user access control settings, policies) to determine if the OSC ' s evidence is sufficient forAC.L1-3.1.1 (Access Control – Authorized Users).

This activity aligns directly with theExaminemethod, which involves reviewing artifacts such as:

Access control lists (ACLs)

System user authentication logs

Account management policies

Role-based access control settings

" Observe " (Option B)is incorrect because " observing " is not an official assessment method in CMMC.

" Test " (Option A)is incorrect because the assessment is not actively executing a function but ratherreviewingevidence.

" Interview " (Option D)is incorrect because no personnel are being questioned—only documentation is being reviewed.

Official CMMC Documentation References

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 3.5 – Assessment Methods

CMMC Level 2 Assessment Guide – Access Control Practices (AC.L1-3.1.1)

Final Verification

Since the activity involves reviewing documents and records to verify access control measures, it falls under theExaminemethod, makingOption C the correct answer.

In CMMC v2.0, Level 1 is explicitly the level that “focuses on the protection of FCI ” and is composed of the basic safeguarding requirements aligned to FAR 52.204-21 . This directly establishes Level 1 as meeting the standard for protecting FCI.

However, the question asks which levels meet the standard of protecting FCI—not which level is primarily intended for FCI. The official CMMC Model Overview (Version 2.0) states that the CMMC levels and associated sets of practices are cumulative , meaning that to achieve a higher level, an organization must also demonstrate achievement of the preceding lower levels. Because Level 2 and Level 3 certifications require meeting lower-level requirements as part of achieving the higher certification, an organization certified at Level 2 or Level 3 necessarily satisfies the Level 1 requirements that protect FCI.

In addition, the later Model Overview v2.13 reiterates the structure of the model: Level 1 requirements correspond to FAR 52.204-21 safeguards (FCI), while Level 2 and Level 3 focus on CUI protection at increasing rigor. Taken together, the official documents support that Levels 1, 2, and 3 all meet the standard for protecting FCI, with Level 1 being the foundational baseline and Levels 2/3 building on it.

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The correct answer is D because CMMC Level 1 scoping is driven by whether an asset processes, stores, or transmits Federal Contract Information (FCI). The Level 1 Scoping Guide states that in-scope assets for a Level 1 self-assessment are all assets that process, store, or transmit FCI, and that these assets are part of the CMMC Assessment Scope and assessed against all Level 1 requirements. The guide also defines transmitting as FCI being transferred from one asset to another through physical or digital transport methods. The other options are attractive but incorrect because IoT, Industrial Internet of Things, Restricted Information Systems, and test equipment are treated as Specialized Assets when they can process, store, or transmit FCI but cannot be fully secured. Specialized Assets are documented and managed but are not assessed against CMMC Level 1 requirements in the same way as ordinary in-scope FCI assets. Therefore, the best answer is the general rule: any non-specialized asset transmitting FCI is assessed against CMMC Level 1 practices. Reference/topics: CMMC Level 1 Scoping, FCI assets, Specialized Assets, process/store/transmit.

Per the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), the Assessment Team is responsible for determining the adequacy and sufficiency of evidence collected during the assessment. The team validates whether practices and components for each in-scope Host Unit, Supporting Organization, or enclave meet the target CMMC level. The OSC (Organization Seeking Certification) provides evidence, but only the Assessment Team makes the verification and scoring determination.

Reference Documents:

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), v1.0

nderstanding Objectivity in CMMC-AB Activities

Objectivityin CMMC-AB activities refers to therequirement that assessors and C3PAOs remain impartial, unbiased, and free from conflicts of interestwhile conducting assessments and providing CMMC-related services.

Key Aspects of Objectivity in CMMC Assessments:

✔No conflicts of interest—Assessors must not assess organizations they havefinancial, professional, or personal ties to.

✔Unbiased reporting—Findings must bebased solely on evidence, with no external influence.

✔Avoiding even the appearance of a conflict—If there isany perception of bias, it must be addressed.

Why is the Correct Answer " C. Avoiding the appearance of or actual, conflicts of interest " ?

A. Ensuring full disclosure → Incorrect

Full disclosure is importantbut doesnot define objectivity. Objectivity meansremaining neutral and free from conflicts.

B. Reporting results of CMMC services completely → Incorrect

Whileaccurate reporting is required,objectivity focuses on impartiality, not just completeness.

C. Avoiding the appearance of or actual, conflicts of interest → Correct

Objectivity in CMMC-AB activities is primarily about preventing bias and ensuring fair assessments.

Avoiding conflicts of interest ensures thatassessments are credible and trustworthy.

D. Demonstrating integrity in the use of materials as described in policy → Incorrect

Integrity is important, butobjectivity is specifically about avoiding bias and conflicts of interest.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

CMMC-AB Code of Professional Conduct

Requiresassessors and C3PAOs to avoid conflicts of interestand maintainimpartiality.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document

Emphasizes that assessments must befree from external influence and conflicts of interest.

ISO/IEC 17020 Requirements for Inspection Bodies

Definesobjectivity as avoiding conflicts of interest in the assessment process.

For CMMC Level 1 scoping , the DoD’s CMMC Scoping Guide – Level 1 (v2.13) instructs an organization performing a Level 1 self-assessment to consider what is in scope for protecting Federal Contract Information (FCI) . Specifically, it states that to appropriately scope a Level 1 self-assessment, the OSA should consider the people, technology, facilities, and external service providers (ESPs) within its environment that process, store, or transmit FCI .

In this scenario, the director is evaluating company offices and data centers where FCI is stored. These are physical locations and physical environments—exactly what the scoping guidance categorizes under Facilities . Facilities in a Level 1 context include physical sites and spaces that may house systems or media containing FCI (e.g., offices, server rooms, data centers), because those locations affect physical access controls, environmental protections, and overall safeguarding of where FCI is handled and stored.

This is distinct from Technology (devices/systems), People (personnel who handle FCI), and ESPs (external providers delivering IT/cyber services). Since the question is explicitly about which offices and data centers store FCI —a physical boundary and location question—the correct asset type is Facilities .

Per the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), when planning an assessment, the Lead Assessor must coordinate with the Organization Seeking Certification (OSC) to select interview participants who can provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities. The intent is to interview individuals directly involved with and knowledgeable about the processes and practices under review, rather than selecting personnel based solely on rank, clearance, or formal expertise in CMMC.

This ensures the assessment is evidence-based and grounded in how practices are actually performed within the OSC.

Reference Documents:

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), v1.0

Understanding IA.L2-3.5.3: Multifactor Authentication (MFA) Requirement

TheIA.L2-3.5.3practice, derived fromNIST SP 800-171 (Requirement 3.5.3), requires thatmultifactor authentication (MFA) be implemented for both privileged and standard userswhen accessing:

✔Organizational endpoints(e.g., laptops, desktops, mobile devices).

✔Network resources(e.g., VPNs, internal systems).

✔Cloud services containing Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).

Key Requirement for a " MET " Rating

For IA.L2-3.5.3 to beMet, the organization must:

Require MFA for all privileged users(e.g., system administrators).

Require MFA for standard users accessing endpoints and network resources.

Implement MFA across all relevant systems.

Sincestandard users do not require MFA in the OSC’s current implementation, the practiceis not fully implementedand must be ratedNOT MET.

Why is the Correct Answer " D " (Practice is NOT MET since the objective was not implemented)?

A. The process is running correctly → Incorrect

MFA isonly applied to privileged users, but it isalso required for standard users. The process isnot fully implemented.

B. It is out of scope as this is a new acquisition → Incorrect

New acquisitionsmust still meet MFA requirementsif they handle CUI or network access.

C. The new acquisition is considered Specialized Assets → Incorrect

Specialized assets (e.g., IoT, legacy systems) may have alternative security controls, but standard users and endpointsmust still comply with MFA.

D. Practice is NOT MET since the objective was not implemented → Correct

MFA must be enabled for both privileged and standard usersaccessing endpoints and network resources. Since standard users are excluded, the practice isNOT MET.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:

CMMC 2.0 Level 2 (Advanced) Requirements

Specifies thatMFA must be applied to all users accessing CUI and network resources.

NIST SP 800-171 (Requirement 3.5.3 – MFA Implementation)

Requires MFA forall user types, including privileged and standard users.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document

States that a practicemust be fully implemented to be considered MET. Partial implementation meansNOT MET.

Understanding the Assessment Environment Requirement

During aCMMC Level 2 assessment, assessors requireobjective evidencethat security controls are implementedin the actual operating environmentwhereControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)is handled.

This means thattests or demonstrations must be conducted in the production environment, where the organization’s real systems and security controls are in use.

Why Option B (Production) is Correct

Assessment teams need to validate security controls in the actual environment where they are applied, ensuring that security measures are in effect in thereal-world operating conditions.

Option A (Client)is incorrect because " Client " is not a defined assessment environment.

Option C (Development)is incorrect because testing in a development environmentdoes not accurately represent the production security posture.

Option D (Demonstration)is incorrect becausedemonstrations in a separate test environment do not provide valid evidence for CMMC assessments—actual security implementations must be verified in production.

Official CMMC Documentation References

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide – Section 3.5 (Assessment Methods)

NIST SP 800-171 Assessment Procedures(Verification must occur in the actual system where CUI resides.)

Final Verification

SinceCMMC assessments require security controls to be validated in the actual production environment, the correct answer isOption B: Production.